Transcript The Team That Wins Together

Agenda
 Introduction to
SMB and NFS Protocol
SMB and NFS
 Comparison of
Architecture and
SMB and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Administration
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Rob Bradbury, Sales Engineer
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
September 26, 2000
Environment
1
The Interoperability Challenge
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
Enterprises contain heterogeneous systems that use
different protocols for remote file system access.
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Unix Systems
Network File System (NFS)
Windows
Server Message Block (SMB)
Common Internet File System (CIFS)
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
NetWare
NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)
Macintosh
AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP)
Today we’ll focus on Unix and Windows Interop
2
Origin of NFS and SMB Protocols
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
NFS
 Developed by Sun in
the early 1980’s
 Licensed free to the
industry in 1984
 Quickly became de
facto for UNIX file
sharing
SMB
 Developed in early 1980’s
by Microsoft, IBM, Intel,
and others
 Early specifications
published by X/Open,
Microsoft and Intel
 Became standard for PC
networking
Incompatibility created the need for
interoperability solutions
3
Common Windows/UNIX
Interoperability Solutions
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 SMB (CIFS) servers running on Unix
- Syntax TotalNET Advanced Server, Samba
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
 NFS client software installed on PC systems
- Hummingbird NFS Maestro, Intergraph DiskAccess,
MS Windows Services for Unix NFS Client,
and many more
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
 Multi-protocol network attached storage (NAS)
- MetaStor, EMC, Network Appliance, Auspex
4
SMB Solution
Agenda
Standard with OS
SMB software
 Introduction to SMB
SMB
and NFS
TCP
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
UDP
NetBIOS
IP
Interfaces
Ethernet, FDDI,
ATM, Token Ring
Unix Server
 SMB - Under the
NetBEUI
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Client for
Microsoft
Networks
(redirector)
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
SMB
SMB
NetBIOS
NetBEUI
PC System
TCP
IP
UDP
TCP
UDP
IP
Unix Server
5
PC-NFS Solution
Agenda
Standard with OS
 Introduction to SMB
NFS
TCP
and NFS
UDP
IP
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
PC-NFS Software
Interfaces
Ethernet, FDDI,
ATM, Token Ring
Unix Server
 SMB - Under the
NFS
TCP
UDP
IP
NFS Server
Process
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Client for
Microsoft
Networks
(redirector)
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
TCP
PC System
IP
UDP
PC-NFS
Client
Client for
Microsoft
Networks
(redirector)
PC System
6
Network Attached Storage Solution
Agenda
Standard with OS
NFS
 Introduction to SMB
TCP
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
UDP
IP
Interfaces
Ethernet, FDDI,
ATM, Token Ring
Unix Server
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
NAS
NFS Client
NFS Server
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Client for
Microsoft
Networks
(redirector)
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
TCP
IP
PC System
SMB
SMB Server
UDP
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Comparison of SMB & NFS
Administration
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
SMB
NFS
 Server centric
 Client installation
 Uses server resources
 Uses PC resources
 More transparent to
 More transparent to Unix
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
users/PC applications
 PCs can only access
SMB servers
system administrators
 PCs can access NFS &
SMB servers
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
8
SMB & NFS Protocol
Differences
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
SMB
NFS
 Stateful protocol
 Stateless protocol
 Asynchronous writes
 Synchronous writes
 Authentication mechanism
 Authentication
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
built-in to protocol
 Locking built-in - native
PC locking
external to protocol
 Network Lock
Manager
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
9
NetBIOS Protocol
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
Establishing a NetBIOS session is the first step
to making an SMB connection.
 NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System)
– Protocol that establishes names and maintains
sessions
– Specified in RFCs 1001/1002
– Uses well know ports 137, 138, 139
 NetBIOS name resolution methods
– WINS server
– lmhosts file
– subnet broadcasts
– DNS
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SMB Protocol Details
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
 SMBnegprot (Negotiate)
– always the first SMB packet
– Negotiates SMB dialect (NT LM 0.12 is
latest)
– Server returns security level
 SMBsessetup (Session Setup)
– user is authenticated
 SMBtcon (Tree Connect)
– Connect to a device - file service, print
spooler, IPC
 SMBopen, SMBread, SMBwrite,…
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SMB Authentication Options
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
 User mode authentication
– local authentication
 encrypted
 clear text
– proxy authentication
 user/password is forwarded to 3rd party system
(generally NT PDC)
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 Share mode
– users connect with a common password
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
12
Proxy Authentication
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
No user found Domain A---User logon passed to trusted
Domain B for validation
NT Authentication Server
Domain B
TRUSTED &
Authentication Response TRUSTING
from B to A
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
SMB server sends Username
and password to
Authentication Server
Authentication
Request
NT Authentication Server
Domain A
Authentication
Response
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
SMB Server
 TAS in a ClearCase
Authentication
Response
SMB server forwards
response to the client
Environment
Client Connection
Request
Client (SMB/CIFS)
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ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
Rational’s recommendations for when to use
ClearCase in a mixed environment.
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 Windows and Unix developers work on the same
source code
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
 A group of developers maintains code base for
Unix and Windows
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
 Windows developers work primarily on separate
source code but keep VOB on Unix for
administrative purposes
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ClearCase Capabilities in a
Mixed Environment
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
 Makes Unix VOB/View Server available to your
NT users
 Allows Unix and NT users to access the same
VOBs
 Allows Unix and NT users to access the same
Views
 Provides a secure and reliable repository for the
common source code
Environment
15
Interoperability Solutions
for ClearCase
Agenda
Rational certified solutions for ClearCase Interop
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
 SMB servers
– Syntax TotalNET Advanced Server
 PC-NFS
– Intergraph DiskAccess
– Hummingbird NFS Maestro
– Microsoft Windows NT Services for UNIX Client for
NFS Products (SFU)
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
 Network Attached Storage
– Not supported in an interop environment
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Example Solution using TAS
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
Install TAS on every VOB/View Server
TAS Server
TAS Server
(VOB Server)
(ClearCase View Server)
(VOB)
project
and NFS
bin
 SMB - Under the
Version Meta Data
Tree
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
View
NT ClearCase
users can
access Unix
VOB and
View Servers
using their
native NT
environment.
NT
src
bar.c
foo.c
Unix Workstation
ClearCase
17
Role of TAS in a
ClearCase Environment
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
TAS allows NT clients to access Unix
VOB and View storage directories
 Do this using TAS volumes
 TAS volume - short name for a directory path
in the Unix file system
 Example:
– TAS volume “vobstore” refers to the VOB
storage directory - /export/vobstore
 Clients access using UNC path name
– \\<servername>\vobstore\vob.vbs
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Configuring TAS
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
Volume Configuration
 Provide path to VOB/View storage directories
– Example:
 /ccstore/vobstore, /ccstore/viewstore
 Set umask to 002
 Set Filename Case to Preserve
 Disable oplocks
– Oplocks (opportunistic locks) are an SMB
protocol performance enhancement. A client
holding an exclusive oplock on a given file
can read or write to a local cache instead of
having to commit all changes to the server
through the network.
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Configuring TAS Cont.
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Username map
 Map ClearCase service account to appropriate
UNIX user
NT, clearcase_albd
UNIX, vobadmin
Authentication
 Configure TAS to use NT PDC as proxy
– minimizes maintenance
 Can also use local authentication
– Must add users to TAS password file
Environment
20
Configuring a ClearCase Client
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
 MVFS performance settings
– Set Maximum number of mnodes to keep on
the free list and and Maximum number of
mnodes to keep for cleartext free list to 800.
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Step-by-step TAS instructions for use with
ClearCase available at:
http://clearcase.rational.com/literature/TAS.html
Environment
21
ClearCase
Region Synchronizer
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
Makes Unix VOBs/Views accessible to Windows
 Use the UNC path and not the NFS path!
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
The region synchronizer
automatically shows the
NFS path found in the registry.
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
This path has to be changed!
Change the path from: \\fileservice\export\vobstore\john_maestro_test.vbs
to: \\fileservice\vobstore\john_maestro_test.vbs
Environment
22
Implementation Issues
Agenda
 Introduction to SMB
and NFS
 Comparison of SMB
and NFS
 SMB - Under the
Hood
 ClearCase in a
Mixed Environment
 TAS in a ClearCase
Environment
 Watch for conflicts between PC-NFS and SMB
redirectors
 check network access order
 UNIX and NT usernames and primary group
must match
 check with credmap utility
 Set VOB/View permissions correctly
 Synchronize paths for VOBs/Views using UNC
names
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Questions?
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