Transcript Slide 1

DoD Spectrum Strategies
DoD Spectrum Symposium
October 14, 2009
Dr. Ronald Jost
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense
C3, Space and Spectrum, OSD NII
DoD Spectrum Environment
Space
Air
Ground/
Maritime
Integrated
space, air and
ground systems
Integrated
decisionmaking
Operational
superiority
Precious & valued
resource
Increasing demands
Counter with
increased efficient use
and operation
Achieved through
policies, procedures
and technical solutions
Spectrum access is critical to all DoD operations – it is a limited
resource with increasingly high demand
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A Perspective on the DoD Spectrum
Environment
DoD spectrum use is typically focused on mission effectiveness
and safety-of-life requirements
Spectrum access is standardized with U.S. military allies
throughout the world for interoperability
Warfighters operate in environments with unpredictable
interference concerns/threats and security requirements
DoD differs from commercial non-fixed infrastructure requiring a
high degree of mobility, diversity, and resilience
DoD sensors often require extreme resolution translating to
unique spectrum demands
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DoD Spectrum Environment
Attributes
Military spectrum requirements are growing
Operations in Afghanistan/Iraq require 10 times more bandwidth
than the Persian Gulf War
U.S. military had only 1 unmanned aerial system (UAS) program in
1998 but more than 5,000 were fielded by 2008
Policy, process (e.g. acquisition, investment) and technology
changes are meeting these challenges
DoD must make a finite resource stretch farther - Below 3.5 GHz,
only 12% of spectrum is allocated to Federal users on an exclusive
basis
DoD is developing innovative solutions to address dual challenges
of increasing requirements and spectrum scarcity
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DoD’s Spectrum Environment is
Complex
Spectrum
EW
Systems
Pr noise and code
Coordinated top mgmt
Control energy
Comm
Systems
Sensor
Systems
Waveform eff links
App of Wf proc to radar
NWK topology impl
Corr comm & radar op
Resource Mgr (NM)
Implementation
Radios
Layer 1
Modulation type
Amplifier linearity
Radio/ amp noise floor –
SSB spectral density
Spectrum sharing
Networks
Layer 2/3+
Subscriber density per band
Eff state info sharing
Variable frame formats
Adaptive BW on demand
Compressed header/data
Stored tactical forward packet
Topology aspects – the
spectral characteristics,
radio antenna, platform
position, antenna
implementation,
frequency propagation
Three separate areas that require policy and spectrum focus solutions - All
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address more efficient spectral utilization
Communications
Spectrum Considerations
Wireless focus on
SatCom
Tier 1 – Backbone (DISN-NG, Comm
SatCom, WGS, Teleports, JNN)
Tier 2 – Intermediate (WIN-T, JTRS,
Key WB LOS systems
with SatCom
JNN, HC3, WGS, AHF)
Tier 3 – Edge (JTRS, MUOS, FABT,
HC3, NMT)
High wireless node
numbers –LOS key
including HB D/L
Spectrum strategies must focus on the edge and intermediate LOS Tier
waveforms and address the total communications, sensor, and EW issue
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Diversity: Achieving Balance to
Optimize Investment, Performance
2700
500
Determining the right balance between network and access
layers is essential for optimizing investment and
performance. Key technical considerations:
Network performance – connectivity, message completion
probability, throughput, latency.
Vulnerability – to ensure network performance in all
environments.
Spectrum
Conflict phase – networks requirements change.
Implementation considerations: incremental investments and
balancing technology, performance, network availability,
cost, spectrum requirements.
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Approach: Net-centric Spectrum
Solution
More efficient and
dynamic means of
managing the network
and spectrum
A tactical solution that is
simple and adaptable
A means to introduce
cost and spectrally
effective waveforms
Maximize spectral
efficiency
Increase interoperability
Tactical management
of this environment:
increasingly difficult
Efficient waveforms with diverse operational characteristics are needed
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Satellite Operations
Spectrum Considerations
2700
500
Increasing demand and limited military satellites are being resolved by different
approaches
Improved modulations and access structures (DVB-RCS)
Efficient IP networks achieving statistical traffic gains
Improved resource management
Specific direction for non-processed channel use of efficient modulations
IP Modem development and deployment – use of efficient commercial standards
Aperture size and spectral noise control
Resource management algorithm efficiency policy generation
Ensure satellite system resource or network (resource) management systems are
addressing efficient bandwidth resource use
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UAS Spectrum Considerations
Limited spectrum for UAS operations is a major
concern – addressing this is accomplished by:
Complex and spectrally efficient modulations
for the link solutions
Limit the UAS links being treated as multiple
access networks
Policy at modulations, networking and
spectral/NWK management data
Counter-trends to these solution approaches:
Through
10x
Proc
Comm
Time
5 yr
Increased rate and UAS numbers – rate of
growth greater than technology complex
modulations
Increased use of UASs for communications
platforms – reducing frequency reuse
High placement of UAS communications
Gateways (GW) forcing additional spectral
reuse concerns
Desire to integrate UAS data into aerial
networks structures
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Integration of EW and
Communications/Sensor Systems
Current Electronic Warfare (EW) systems are minimally
integrated with communications and sensor systems via
operational plans
Interference with critical electronics signaling systems and
sensors
No plans to integrate EW systems to accommodate other
spectrum-dependent systems
Emphasis on resolving EW interference and interoperability
issues
Establish a EW integration management system and coordinated
EW feature set with communications and sensors
Establish a data standard for policy generation/distribution
Insure an integrated resource management solution for offering an
optimal use of spectrum for networks, sensors, and EW
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Implementation Issues and
Improvements
Spectral efficiency is addressed by more than the
layer 1 structural improvements
Significant gains are realizable through layer 2 and
above requiring policies to establish a framework
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Compressed header and response data
Stored pointers instead of retrans packet
Efficient sharing opt link info
Network mgmt
Queue QoS mgmt
IP forwarding
Directory services
User apps
Route protocol mgmt
• Transmission assurance
• Packet synch
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Routing protocols
Route calculation
Topology
VC mgmt
COMSEC
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Routing calculation
Topology mgmt
Forwarding
QoS Queues
VC mgmt
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Neighbor discovery
Bandwidth access and contention
Tie synchronization
Adapting data rates
Reliable transmission
Time synch
Transmission security
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Acquisition
Error control coding
Signal quality
Modulation/Demodulation
Diversity aspects
Common network mgmt data
Shared topology information
Common NWK mgmt & spectrum mgmt
Shared spectrum acknowledgements &
agreements
Mobile IP Rt
NWK Mgmt
QoS
Transport Protocols
Higher Layers
Transport
Manet Internetwork Layer
Manet Subnet Convergence Layer
Network
Careful use of diversity – UAVs
Efficient signaling (state) sharing
Planned topology frequency reuse
Adaptive network BW by demand
Shared network data – min NWK
Manet Mobile Subnet Intranet Layer
Manet Mobile Data Link Layer
Data Link
TRANSEC (Transmission Security)
Physical Signal Space
Physical
Ad Hoc Layers
Mapped Layers
Functions
Establish a set of policies which enable an effective
set of implementations for efficient spectral operation
NC
Enforcement
of the policies – during all phases
High subscriber density per band
Low network signaling communications
Minimal different networks
Simple, efficient reuse and sharing
Variable frame and adaptive format structures
Efficient modulations through
complex constellations & coding
Low Eb/No operation (emissions)
Minimize spurious and SSB noise
Linear (high eff) amplifiers
Efficient and directive antennas
Tactical Network and
Spectrum Management
Providing the tactical signal officer –
terrestrial, airborne or sea based – with
multiple configuration screens
presents a major problem
Currently uses different processing
systems each with separate screens.
Hierarchical network and spectrum
manager
Requires an integrated approach with
control at the tactical edge
Desire to centrally manage while forcing
more tasks to the tactical edge
Icon/SOA based solutions enabling
central and tactical information sharing
Topology structure
Subnet management
Satellite resource mgr
Spectrum use
Emission characteristics
Network coverage and connectivity
Ad Hoc network policy
The solution is an integrated system that is both legacy tolerant while being
policy based for Ad Hoc and other future tactical networks
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Data Sharing with Spectrum and
Network Management Applications
SOA
Transformation
Tightly Coupled
Applications
Loosely Coupled
Applications
The transformation to an SOA
(Service-Oriented Architecture)
has enabled a different approach
to command and control and other
applications, including spectrum
and network management
Data is the integrating element
Network
Spectrum
Topology
Radio Attributes
Network config
Attachment Pts
Frequencies
Waveforms
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Recent Spectrum Policy
Improvements
DoD Instruction 4650.01 Management & Use of Spectrum (January 2009)
Mandates Spectrum Supportability Risk Assessments
Requires Components to provide performance data to DISA for use in planning tools
Establishes DSO responsibilities
DoD Instruction 5000.02 Defense Acquisition System (December 2008)
Establishes spectrum supportability and regulatory requirements for all ACAT and lower
programs
Systems Engineering processes includes spectrum supportability considerations
DoDI 4630.09 Waveform Management (November 2008)
Establishes process to evaluate and manage waveforms to improve interoperability and
make networks more spectrum efficient
Identifies Net-Centric waveforms
Requires DoD CIO approval of new and modified waveforms at Milestone B
Although a number of recent policies address spectrum use and efficiency,
an increased emphasis on an integrated, highly efficient approach is required
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New Spectrum Policy Initiatives
Enterprise Resource Management
Responsive to tactical operations and dynamically de-conflict Spectrum Dependant
systems based on topographical awareness of military operations and the EME in near
real time
Loosely coupled SOA architectures to coordinate and control networking, senor, and EW
spectrally dependent resources
Real time Situational Awareness of Spectrum, Network and Communication Configuration
Management Systems
Integration of Spectrum Dependent Systems
Adaptive electromagnetic compatibility through architecture and interfaces to enable near
real time spectrum de-confliction
RF sampling to optimize performance and provide feedback to the resource manager
Network EW and sensor systems to the Global Information Grid (GIG)
Spectral Efficiency
Develop the implementation and policy/prioritization strategy to pursue network and
spectrally efficient spectrum dependent systems
Adopt performance based metrics to mandate spectrally efficient waveforms and
networks – for all wireless implementations including sensors and communications
Leverage new technologies, like DARPA XG and WNAN, after conducting dynamic
spectrum security review
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Summary
DoD spectrum requirements (demand) continue to rapidly
increase – spectral resources are critical to the warfighter
The issue of spectrum access spans multiple disciplines within
DoD
Efficient emissions for communications must be more than layer 1
bits/Hz
Policies and implementation guidance are being developed for
new spectrally effectiveness and efficient capabilities
DoD needs to be more efficient in its spectral use and is rapidly
adapting technology and procedures to achieve this critical goal
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