Transcript Towards Wireless Overlay Network Architectures

ICEBERG: From
POTS to PANS
Bridge to the
Future
Anthony D. Joseph
Randy H. Katz
Reiner E. Ludwig
B. R. Badrinath
UC Berkeley
Stanford
March 11, 1999
http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu
Cellular “Core” Network
ICEBERG: Internet-based core
for CEllular networks BEyond
the thiRd Generation
• June 1998 - June 2001, joint with Ericsson
• High BW IP backbones plus diverse access networks
– Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics
– Real-time services across diverse access networks
– 3G cellular: UMTS/IMT2000
– Next generation wireless LANs: Bluetooth
– Home networking: DSL / Cable modem
Transparent Information Access
Speech-to-Text
Speech-to-Voice Attached-Email
Call-to-Pager/Email Notification
Email-to-Speech
All compositions
of the above!
Universal Inbox
Policy-based
Location-based
Activity-based
Empower users!
Smart Spaces
• Walk into a A/V room and control
everything with your own wireless PDA
–
–
–
–
Services for each device
Automated discovery and use
Automated UI generation
Composite behaviors
• Phones as well as PDAs
– Speech-enabled control
Potentially Any Network Service
(PANS)
Same service in different networks
Service handoff between networks
2-way Paging
GSM/CDMA
IAP
IAP
IAP
E.g., “follow me” service
E.g., any-to-any service
High BW IP core
Diverse access links
PSTN
IP
IAP
Iceberg Access Points
(More than gateways)
WIP
• Impedance matching
IAP
• Provide policy engine
• Handles routing,
security
Important Trends
• Multimedia / Voice over IP networks
– Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network
– Simultaneous delay sensitive and delay insensitive flows
(RSVP, Class-based Queuing, Link Scheduling)
• Intelligence shifts to the network edges
– User-implemented functionality
• Programmable intelligence inside the network
–
–
–
–
Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure
TACC model & Java code: “write once, run anywhere”
Rapid new service development, Speech-based services
New challenges for network security and management
• Cellular networks for the 21st century
– High BW data (384 Kb/s-2 Mb/s): Reliable Link Protocols
ICEBERG Project Goals
• Demonstrate ease of new service deployment
– Packet voice for computer-telephony integration
– Speech- and location-enabled applications
– Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the
four P’s: PDAs, pads, pagers, phones)
– Encapsulating legacy servers and supporting new, “thin” clients
• Demonstrate new system architecture to support
innovative applications
– Personal Information Management
» Universal Messaging: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail
» Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager
– Home networking and control of “smart” spaces
» Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall,
transfer to home environment
ICEBERG Project Goals
• Understand the implications for cellular network
design based on IP technology
– Cellular / IP interworking functionality
– Scalability: 100,000s of simultaneous users in the SF Bay Area
– “Soft” QoS for wide-area, delay-sensitive flows
• Understand how to securely
– Encapsulate existing applications services like speech-to-text
– Deploy and manage computational resources in the network
– Integrate other kinds of services, like mobility and redirection,
inside the network
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Example Services
Trends and Goals
Experimental Testbed
Project Approach
Research Areas
– Cellular / IP integration
– Wireless link management
– Multi-modal services
• Summary
Experimental Testbed
Velo
Nino
IBM
WorkPad
MC-16
Motorola
Pagewriter 2000
CF788
306 Soda
WLAN /
Bluetooth
405 Soda
326 Soda “Colab”
Pager
H.323
GW
GSM BTS
TCI @Home
Smart Spaces
Personal Information Management
SimMillennium
Network
Infrastructure
Millennium Cluster
Millennium Cluster
Project Approach
• Make it real: build a large-scale testbed
– Time travel: bring the future to the present
– Collect “real” information about systems
– Users develop new/interesting applications
• Understanding three key research areas
– Cellular / IP integration: Mobility Management, Universal Inbox
– Wireless link management
» Packet Scheduling in GPRS/W-CDMA, Reliable Link Protocols
– Multi-modal services: Speech control / Information dissemination
• ProActive Infrastructure: NINJA
– Computing resources spread among switching infrastructure
– Computationally intensive services: e.g., voice-to-text
– Service/server discovery, security, authentication, and billing
Internet-Scale Systems
Research Group
5 faculty, ~35 students
Personal Information Management and “Smart Spaces”
Distributed Videoconferencing
Room-scale Collaboration
Speech and Location
Aware Applications
ICEBERG
Computer-Telephony Services
MASH Media Processing Services
Active Services Architecture
TranSend Extensible
Proxy Services
Distributed Computing Services: NINJA
Computing and Communications Platform: Millennium/NOW
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
Example Services
Trends and Goals
Experimental Testbed
Project Approach
Research Areas
–
–
–
–
New service requirements: Multi-modal user interfaces
Generalized Information Redirection
Cellular / IP integration
Wireless link management
• Summary
New Service Requirements
• Encapsulation of complex data transformations
– Speech-to-text, text-to-speech
• Dynamic service composition
– Voice mail-to-email, email-to-voice mail
• Location-aware information services
– E.g., traffic reports
• Multicast-enabled information services
– Multilayered multicast: increasing level of detail as number
of subscribed layers increases
– Reliable information delivery over low bandwidth links
Multi-Modal User Interfaces
• Speech is the ubiquitous access method
– Access from millions of phones (analog to digital cellular)
• Rapid support for new devices (new device in 2 hrs!)
Gateway
Cell Phone
IP-Pad
(BTS)
RTP
Entity
RMI
Service Entity
Room Control
UDP
Simja
Server
Barbara RMI
Room
(MASH)
Entity
Emre
Interactive Voice Response to
A/V Devices Application
• Dynamic data transcoding
– Source and target data format independence / isolation
Automatic Path Creation
Audio
Microphone
Cell phone
ICSI
Speech
Recognizer
Text
NLP
Control/Metadata
Cmd
A/V
Devices
Room
Entity
Response
to Client
Generalized Redirection Agents
• Users (will) have many communication devices
• Dynamic policy-based redirection
– User- or service-specified policies
– Universal Inbox: 1-800 service, email to pagers, etc.
– Use APC to perform dynamic data transcoding
• Service mobility as a first class object
Service Mobility as a
First-Class Object
“Anthony@Berkeley”
Universal Names: Globally unique IDs
An Entity has a universal
name and a profile;
Entities are people,
services or processes
OfficePSTN: 510-643-7212
FaxPSTN: 510-643-7352
DeskIP: rover.cs.berkeley.edu:555
LaptopIP: fido.cs.berkeley.edu:555
PCS: 510-555-7212
E-mail: [email protected]
Home: 510-555-1212
Profile: set of
domain-specific names
Iceberg Inter-Domain
Naming Protocol
IAP
Call(Randy@Berkeley,
Caller’s network,
Interactive,
CallerID certificate)
Replicated
Information:
• Real-time
• Lazy
• Epidemic
IDNP
Server
Profile weeks/months
System
State
minutes/hours
Policy days/weeks
IDNP
Server
Universal Inbox Service
E-Mail store
IAP1
IAP5
IP Core Network
IDNP
Server1
Univ-Inbox
Service
IAP4
GSM
PSTN
IAP2
IDNP
Servern
IAP3
Voice Mail store
Laptop (VAT)
Cell-Phone to Cell-Phone
4. Create Data-Path
1. Dial Number
2. Intercept Call
Data Path
(Null)
Univ-Inbox
Service
IDNP
Server
3. Access Directory Service
5. Complete Call-Setup
Cell-Phone to E-Mail
4. Create Data-Path
GSM
Data Path
PCM
1. Dial Number
2. Intercept Call
IDNP
Server
Univ-Inbox
Service
3. Access Directory Service
6. Another Path
PCM
Text
Voice-mail
Service
5. Complete Call-Setup
----------
7. Send e-mail
Cellular / IP Integration
• Integrating a GSM BTS with an IP core network
– Mapping IP signaling to SS7 radio management
– Call admission and handoff
• Mobility management interworking
–
–
–
–
Mobile IP uses home agent / foreign agent
GSM uses Home Location Register / Visiting Location Register
Handoff between Mobile IP and GSM networks
Scalability, security of Mobile IP?
GSM BTS-IP Integration
Uses OM & TRAFFIC to
simulate BSC, MSC, and
HLR functionality
2 TRX
RBS
2202
Signaling UPSim
E1 GPC board
Traffic
GSM Phone
Interactive Voice Response
Infocaster
VAT
Control
Signaling
NetMeeting
PC
IP-PAD
Internet
Thor-2
Ethernet
E1: Voice @ 13kb/s
Data @ 12kb/s
Performs rate adaptation
function of ZAK/TRAU
H.323 GW
PSTN
Wireless Link Management
• Modeling GSM data links
– Validated ns modeling suite, now using BONES simulator
– GSM channel error models from Ericsson
• QoS and link scheduling for next generation links
– High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet
Radio System (GPRS), and Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA)
– RSVP signaling integration with bottleneck link scheduling
• Reliable Link Protocols
– Wireless links have high error rates (> 1%)
– Reliable transport protocols (TCP) interpret errors as congestion
– Solution is ARQ protocol, but retransmissions introduce jitter
RLP-TCP Collection & Analysis Tools
• RLP and TCP interaction measurement / analysis
– Both are reliable protocols (link and transport layers)
– Trace analysis tool to determine current interaction effects
– Tools for design of next generation networks (e.g., frame length)
TCP: End-to-End Reliability
RLP: Wireless Reliability
GSM Network
BTS
TCP / RLP stats
GSM-IP
Gateway
RLP stats
Post-processing tool
(300 bytes/s)
TCP stats
TCP and RLP Data Plot
Sent 30,720 bytes from mobile host to stationary host
Bytes
45000
40000
TCP Bytes
35000
TCP Acks
30000
RLP Bytes
25000
RLP Ack
20000
15000
Dynamic interface
- Zoom, scale
- Add/delete items
10000
5000
0
0
5
10
15
20
Seconds
25
30
35
40
Summary
• Iceberg testbed will be mostly completed by summer
– Testbed will enable development of new protocols
• Lots of on-going design work
–
–
–
–
Automatic path creation
Service handoff: Passing metadata across/through networks
IVR: More applications and devices (WindowsCE)
Service location and discovery
» Query model and security
ICEBERG: From
POTS to PANS
Bridge to the
Future
Anthony D. Joseph
Randy H. Katz
Reiner E. Ludwig
B. R. Badrinath
UC Berkeley
Stanford
March 11, 1999
http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu
Cellular “Core” Network