Transcript No Slide Title

Development of the Internet
in Turkey
Attila Özgit
Middle East Technical University
Dept. of Computer Engineering
[email protected]
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
Agenda
 1985 - 1991
Early Days of Networking (EARN/BITNET)
 1991 - 1996
Transition to the Internet
 1996 - 2000
Development of the Internet
 2000
May 14, 2001
-…
A. Özgit
1985 - 1991
 TUVAKA
 Turkish Universities and Research Institutions
Network
 29 Universities and TUBITAK
 Early Days of Networking
EARN/BITNET Technology
 Store-and-Forward Network
 IBM Proprietary

 Ege
University - Pizza (1985 - 1989)
 Ege University - Montpellier (1989 - 1994)
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
TUVAKA Topology (1990)
19 Mayıs
KTÜ
İTÜ
Atatürk
Boğaziçi Ü.
Yıldız
TÜBİTAK
MAM
Uludağ
YÖK
KOSGEB
Bilkent Ü.
TÜBİTAK
ODTÜ
Hacettepe
Erciyes Ü.
Anadolu Ü.
Fırat Ü.
9 Eylül
G. Antep Ü
Çukurova
Ege Üni.
Akdeniz
DAÜ
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
Dicle Ü
1989 - 1991
 Bandwidth
Problems
 Operational
 Older
Problems
Technology
“Tape-Net” 
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
1991

Internet Connection Project by METU

Submitted to TUBITAK

Approved by TUBITAK

NSF and CERN appovals for connections (March 92)

“Looking to the future, please accept our heartiest welcome to the
NSFNET family”
Goldstein, S. (NSF Program Director)

May 14, 2001
Decision for NSF connection (May 92)
A. Özgit
1992 - 1993

64 Kbps line application to Turkish Telecom
- PTT (July 92)
 RIPE X.25/IP application (August 92)
 Equipment Purchasing - Router, Mgmt.
Station, Line Interface - (September 92)
 RIPE X.25/IP Connection (October 92)
 64 Kbps leased line connection to NSF
(April 93) – 9 Months setup time 
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
National Internet Connections
1991-93
GAZİ
NSF
TUBİTAK(Marmara)
BOĞAZİÇİ
Terminal
Server
UNIX
X.25
METU
NET
ROUTER
BİLKENT
ROUTER
KHO
VINES
TÜBİTAK (Merkez)
Mixture of SNA and IP
IP/SNA
May 14, 2001
ANADOLU
İTÜ
YILDIZ
EGE
TÜBİTAK (SAGE)
A. Özgit
National Internet Connections
(1992)
NSF
Trakya Ü. Koç Unisys
Boğaziçi Ü.
İTÜ
TÜBİTAK MAM
Yıldız Ü.
Ondokuz Mayıs Ü.
Gazi Ü.
TÜBİTAK/ODTÜ
Uludağ Ü.
Anadolu Ü.
Bimel
KHO
Bilkent Ü.
TÜBİTAK SAGE
G. Antep Ü
9 Eylül Ü.
Merkez Bankası
Ege Ü.
ODTÜ Erdemli
May 14, 2001
Erciyes Ü.
A. Özgit
National Internet Connections
(1994)
NSF (ABD)
Ondokuz Mayıs
Kafkas Uni.
Koç UNISYS
Koç Ü.
Bogaziçi Ü.
İTÜ
Yildiz Ü.
TÜBİTAK MAM
ASELSAN
Gazi Ü.
ODTÜ
TAEK
Anadolu Ü.
9 Eylül Ü.
Bilkent Ü.
TÜBİTAK (New Connections)
Info
As.
Merkez
Bankası
100. Yıl
BİMEL
KHO
VİS
Erciyes Ü.
Sütçü İmam Ün.
Ege Ü.
G. Antep Ü
Akdeniz Univ.
ODTÜ
Erdemli
May 14, 2001
Doğu Akdeniz
Uni.
A. Özgit
Organization

TR-Net Organization - September 1993
TÜBİTAK
METU
The Scientific and Research
Council of Turkey

Middle East
Technical University
TUBITAK`s major contribution: Funding
 METU`s Major contribution: Technical KnowHow and Infrastructure
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
TR-Net Organization
1994
 Internet
is in the Commercial Sector
 200+ domains (incl. “.com.tr”) - May
1994
 Monthly traffic is over 18 Gigabytes
 Many PR events for increasing “public
awareness”
 National Internet Conferences
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
TR-Net Organization
1995 - 1996
 Many
PR events for increasing “public
awareness”
 Contribution to national Internet and
Informatics conferences
 Several national and international
publications
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
National Internet Backbone
Plans
1993
1994
İstanbul
512/64K
512/64K
Ankara
Ankara
İzmir
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
512/64K
Further Development
Efforts

TR-Net’s offer to Turkish Telecom (PTT):
“Setup a backbone and operate it jointly.”
(Spring 1995)

Turkish Telekom decided to open a tender
for Turkish Internet Backbone (Summer 1995).




May 14, 2001
Due to poor timing of the tender process, planned and
offered capacity had been far behind the demand.
70% of the revenues go to Turkish Telecom!
Sprint - SATKO - METU signed the contract (March
1996)
TURNET started operation (October 1996)
A. Özgit
CI3
S3
k
TURNET
k
k
CI
Ck
CI
k1
K
K
k1
CK
k1
Ck1
K1
S1
CS1
CS1
SPRINT
SATKO
METU
S1
CS2
S2
Backbone
2
Service Providers
K2
End Users
k2
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A. Özgit
K1
K1
1
CI2
CK1
3
After TURNET
(1997 - 1998)

Disappointment with TURNET



Capacity problems
Operational problems
Major groups started to setup ISPs (e.g. set up of
Superonline in 1995; started operations by the end of
1996)

Turkish Telecom monopoly prohibits ISPs to
have private lines to Internet backbone.
 Nearly 70 ISPs are operational.
 Ulak-Net
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
ULAK-Net 2001
see www.ulakbim.gov.tr
May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
After TURNET
(1998 - 1999)

TT-Net (Turkish Telecom Network)
announced by TT (December 1997)
 “Higher Board for Internet” set up under
Ministry of Communications (January 1998)


TT-Net operational by the end of 1999


Advisory Role
SDH/ATM based 622/155 Mbps backbone with 140 access
points all over the country
Big Capital Groups showed interest in
Internet sector by setting up large ISPs (Mid
1999) - e.g. ixir, e-kolay.
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A. Özgit
After TURNET
(1999 - 2000)
 Capacity
Problems
International Internet Bandwidth
 Access Network

 “National
Master Plan for Informatics
Infrastructure”
Ministry of Communications and TUBITAK
 No actions taken as yet

May 14, 2001
A. Özgit
Lately
(2000 - 2001)

New Telecom Act (January 2000)


The Newest Telecom Act (May 2001)



All rights (regarding to TT) handed over to Treasury
All rights regarding to licensing of telecom services have been
given to Telecommunications Institution (TK)
International Bandwidth




Telecommunications Institution (TK)
500+ Mbps via ISPs
300+ Mbps via TT-Net
50+ Mbps over Ulak-Net (Academic and Research
Community)
Nearly 2 million Internet users and 100,000
hosts
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May 14, 2001
A. Özgit