Transcript Networking Computers - 1960 PC Users Group

Networking Computers
Copyright © 2006 by James Hug
Types of Computer Networks
►
Mainframe/Terminal
 1960’s/70’s technology
 Computation centralized
►
Server/Client
 1980s technology
 Computation distributed with a central point of data storage
 Large installations
►
Peer to Peer
 1990’s technology
 Primarily for file sharing between computers
 Limited to 10 computers (Microsoft limitation)
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Typical Installation
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Communication Systems
► Ethernet
 Open network system (most popular)
 Low hardware costs
► Token
Ring
 Closed network system - IBM
 Limited to 4 Mbs or 16 Mbs (cable dependent)
► ARCnet
 Obsolete system
 Limited to 15 Mbs
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Communication Systems (conti.)
► USB
 Limited flexibility
 100/400 Mbs
 Maximum cable length 16 foot
► FireWire
(IEEE 1394)
 Limited flexibility
 480 Mbs
 Maximum cable length 16 foot
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Communication Systems (conti.)
► AppleTalk
 Closed network system - Apple Computer
 Used primarily for their printer sharing
► StarLan
 Closed network system
► HPNA
 Phoneline network system
► Power
Line
► Others
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Ethernet Cable Systems
► ThinNet
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(10Base2)
Coaxial cable (bus topology)
Half duplex communication
Limited to 10 Mbs
Limited to 900 foot total length
Limited installation flexibility
Rapidly becoming obsolete
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Ethernet Systems (conti.)
► Unshielded
Twisted Pair (UTP)
 Half or Full Duplex [10/100/1000BaseT(x)]
 Speed is depended on the cable type
 Cable Types
►Cat-1
►Cat-2
►Cat-3
►Cat-4
►Cat-5
►Cat-6
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Telephone (voice)
4 Mbs (Token Ring)
10 Mbs (Ethernet) – 300 foot max. length
20 Mbs (Token Ring)
100 Mbs (Ethernet) – 300 foot max. length
250 Mbs (Ethernet) – 300 foot max. length
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Ethernet Systems (conti.)
► Fiber
Optic (FDDI)
 1000 Mbs (Ethernet limitation)
 Same cable can share other transmission
protocols (i.e. ATM, etc.) at the same time
 Length limitation – miles (depended on
hardware)
 Used extensively to connect server farms
together
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Ethernet Systems (conti.)
► Wireless
 IEEE 802.11.a
►5.4
MHz – 54 Mbs – 100 foot line of sight
 IEEE 802.11.b
►2.4
MHz – 11 Mbs – 300 foot line of sight
 IEEE 802.11.g
►2.4
MHz – 54 Mbs – 300 foot line of sight
 IEEE 802.11.gx
►2.4
MHz – 108 Mbs – 300 foot line of sight
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Hardware Requirements
► Network
Interface Card (NIC)
 Each computer must have one, either an
installed or built onto the motherboard
 It can be either wired or wireless
 Must be compatible with cable system
 I recommend 100BaseT(x) for wired systems
 Cost (wired) ≈ $10.00 each
 Cost (wireless) ≈ $60.00 each
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Hardware Requirements (conti.)
► Hub/Switch/Router/Wireless
Access Point
 For connecting two computers together – none
is needed, but a “cross over” type cable is
required
 For networking several computers together
(Peer to Peer) with no Internet connection –
either a Hub/Switch/Wireless AP is needed
 For networking several computers to a
broadband connection (DSL/Cable) – a Router is
needed
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Hardware Requirements (conti.)
 Hub/Switch/Router costs
►Hub ≈ $10.00 - depended on number of
ports
►Switch ≈ $20.00 - depended on number of
ports
►Router (wired) ≈ $40.00 - depended on
number of ports
►Router (wireless 802.11.b) ≈ $50.00
►Router (wireless 802.11.g/gx) ≈ $60.00
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Hardware Requirements (conti.)
 Cable cost
►CAT-5/6 cable ≈ $0.20 per foot (with
connectors affixed)
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Typical Installation
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Transmission Protocols
► TCP/IP
 Internet standard also used by Unix (Linux) and
Windows 2000 & XP
► NetBEUI
 Used in peer to peer networks
 With the introduction of Windows XP - no longer
supported by Microsoft
► IPX/SPX
 Used in legacy Novell systems
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Transmission Protocols (conti.)
► Other
systems
PPP – Dial up modem (POT)
PPPoE – Broadband (DSL & TV Cable)
PPTP – Virtual Private Networks
UPnP – Special devices (printer servers,
household appliances, etc.)
 AppleTalk - Used primarily for printer sharing
 DLC – IBM mainframe/terminal
 ATM – Teleco network interconnections
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Software Requirements
(Peer to Peer network)
► DOS
& Windows 3.1 systems
 Third party software is required (Lantastic, etc.)
► Windows
3.11 & 95 systems
 Third party software is required (Lantastic, etc.)
► Windows
95(OSR) & 98(x) systems
 Included in operating system
► Windows
2000 & XP systems
 Included in operating system
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Hardware Installation
► Desktop
Computers
 Install NIC card in computer (if needed)
► Be
sure to unplug the power cord
► Remove case cover
► Install NIC card in an available slot
► Replace case cover
► Laptop
computers
 Some Laptop computers have a NIC built into them; if not, insert a
NIC PCMCA card into the PCMCA slot and reboot the computer
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Hardware Installation (Conti.)
► Driver
Installation
 Run the software that came with the NIC card
 If no software came with the NIC card, do:
►Click
right mouse button on “My Computer”
►Click left mouse button on “Properties”
►Windows 98(x) – click left mouse button on “Device
Manager”
►Windows 2000 & XP – click left mouse button on
“Hardware” & click left mouse button on “Device
Manager”
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Hardware Installation (Conti.)
► Driver
Installation (conti.)
►Run
the “Add Hardware Manager Wizard”
►Or manually install the device driver
 Verify in the “Device Manager” that the driver is
installed properly and enabled
►There
should be no yellow “explanation marks” (!)
on any of the devices
►Look in the properties of the device, it will tell you if
the device is enabled
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Connection Software (Services)
► Internet
Connection (Broadband)
 Windows 98(x) systems
► In
“Settings” > “Control Panel” > “Network” verify that
the following are installed and install if missing:
 Client for Microsoft Networks
 Microsoft Family Logon
 File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks
 NETBEUI -> Dial up Adapter
 NETBEUI -> NIC adapter
 TCP/IP -> Dial up Adapter
 TCP/IP -> NIC adapter
► Select “Microsoft Family Logon” as Primary Network
Logon
► In “File and Print Sharing” tab check the appropriate
boxes
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Connection Software (Services)
► Internet
Connection (Broadband)
 Windows 2000 & XP systems
► If
you decide to convert all of your computers on your
LAN to Microsoft’s new standard (NETBIOS over
TCP/IP) do the following:
 In “My Network places” screen under “Network Tasks” run
the “Set up a small home or office network
 Make a “Network Install” floppy disk and run it on your
other computers
► If
you decide to stay with Microsoft’s discontinued
NETBEUI protocol find and install the NETBEUI protocol
in your “Local Network Connection Properties” panel
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Finding & Installing NetBEUI
► On
the Window XP installation CD-ROM in the
“\VALUEADD\MSFT\NETBEUI” folder
►1. Copy the “NBF.SYS” file to the hard disk’s
folder “\WINDOWS\SYSTEMS\DRIVERS”
►2. Copy the “NETNBF.INF” file to the hard
disk’s folder “\WINDOWS\INF”
► In “Local Network Connection Properties” install
the NetBEUI protocol for each NIC device
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Wireless Network Security
► Reconfigure
the router:
Change the router name and password
Rename the wireless network name
Turn off SSID broadcasting
Setup MAC filters for only permitted wireless
computers
 Use encryption (WEP, WPA etc.)
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How To Web Site
► My
best known help web site is PC911
► http://pcnineoneone.com/howto/hmnetwk1.
html
Good Luck and Happy Networking
James Hug
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