Transcript 5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios

CompTIA Server+
Certification
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
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Objectives
• Diagnose problems relating
to hardware components
and the boot process
• Troubleshoot disk storage
and RAID
• Troubleshoot network
problems and use diagnostic
utilities, such as ping and
nslookup
• Identify and resolve
common NOS problems
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 2
Troubleshooting Power
• Mains power failure
requires UPS then
backup generator
• For PSU, check
fuses then test unit
with multimeter or
PSU tester
• Alternatively swap
out PSU
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 3
Troubleshooting POST
• POST not running
– What has changed?
– Check cabling and connectors
– Strip out adapters / modules
– Use diagnostics
– Check jumpers have not been incorrectly set
– CMOS battery
• POST error codes
• OS loader failures
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 4
Using Diagnostics
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 5
Causes of Component Failure
• Overheating
• ECC / Parity Memory Errors
• Troubleshooting Incompatible Components
– Processor Appears Not To Work
– New Memory Not Recognized
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 6
Troubleshooting Storage
• Symptoms
– Bad sectors
– Data corruption
– Cannot mount drive /
access logical drive
– Constant LED activity
– Noise
• Issues
– Hard Disk Not Accessible
– Configuration
– File System Structure
• Disk Utilities
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 7
Troubleshooting RAID
• Detecting failed drive
/ array degraded
• Replace missing disk
as quickly as possible
• Rebuilding can reduce
performance though
• Cache / cache battery
failures
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 8
Troubleshooting Disk Performance
• It’s not always the disk itself...
– Network not disks?
– Background processes?
– RAID cache tuning?
– Low disk space?
– Protocol / software problem?
– Drive / controller firmware?
– Paging?
– Malware / faulty process?
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 9
Troubleshooting Network Problems
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 10
Troubleshooting Cabling
• What has changed?
• Is it really a hardware problem?
• Diagnostic LEDs – check configuration
• Driver update
• Check switch configuration (port / VLAN
settings)
• Substitute patch cable
• Test permanent link
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 11
Troubleshooting IP Configuration
• Verify configuration
(ipconfig / ifconfig)
• Check DHCP
• Test connectivity
with ping
– Loopback
– Workstation address
– Default gateway (or
other local host)
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 12
Troubleshooting Routing Issues
• Check router
• Investigate local
routing table
• Use tracert to test
path between hosts
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 13
Troubleshooting Name Resolution
• Different OS’s / networks
perform name resolution
in different ways
• HOSTS file
• Check DNS server is
available
• Check DNS server
configuration with
nslookup
• Troubleshoot NetBIOS /
WINS with nbtstat
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 14
Troubleshooting Services
• Protocol /
application specific
issues
• Check logs
• Use Protocol
Analyzer
• Verify open ports
with netstat
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 15
Other Network Issues
• Troubleshooting Firewall Issues
• Troubleshooting Service Provider Issues
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 16
Troubleshooting Software Problems (1)
• Drivers
• Services
• Blue Screens
• Runaway Processes
and Memory Leaks
• Slow OS Performance
• Shut Down
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 17
Troubleshooting Software Problems (2)
• Print Problems
• System Log
• Patch Update Failure
• Permissions
• Encryption
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 18
Review
• Diagnose problems relating
to hardware components
and the boot process
• Troubleshoot disk storage
and RAID
• Troubleshoot network
problems and use diagnostic
utilities, such as ping and
nslookup
• Identify and resolve
common NOS problems
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 19
Labs
• Lab 14 Troubleshooting
5.2 Troubleshooting Scenarios
Slide 20