Transcript European Expansion in the World

 All
of these photos are a form of
expansion.
 Throughout history expansion has
always been characterized by the
planting of one’s flag or crest.
 The planting of a flag is a symbol of
a city/country’s claim to a specific
area.
 It also forces those living on this land
to obey to follow the monarch’s
rules.
During the Middle Ages and
Renaissance modern nation states
formed.
 A nation state is an area with set borders
and one ruler/ruling party.
 In short a nation state is a country.
 During the period of expansion four
major states emerged: England, France,
Spain, and Portugal.

 With
the scientific and technological
advancements of the Renaissance
people were able to travel father and
calculate voyages.
 A simple way to remember the
reasons for explorations are
“THE 3 G’s”
GOLD,
GOD, GLORY
The economy in Europe was doing well.
 But it was mostly based on farming.
 Any shortage of food, famine, crop
failure could ruin the economy.
 Europe also produced clothing, mined
precious metals and harvested timber
(wood)
 Over time the amount of wood and
metals began to deplete (run out).

 Since
these materials were running out
states needed to get them.
 Monarchs also wanted new sources of
wealth.
 The
Protestant religion
continued to grow during the
Renaissance.
 The Catholic church needed
to expand into other parts of
the world to stop the spread of
the Protestants.
 Explorers
and Monarchs explored
the “new world” for personal
recognition (become famous).
 Wanted new lands to take on
their names.
 Ex: America=Amerigo Vespucci
A
new route to China and India.
 During the Renaissance Europeans
grew accustomed to the exotic goods
from the east (China & India).
 Many explorers believed that the
China and India had large supplies of
gold and other precious materials.
 During
the Renaissance most of these
products came to Europe through
trade with the Middle Eastern
merchants.
 Merchants would use the pass at
Constantinople to enter into Europe.
 In
1453 Constantinople falls to the
Turks.
 They rename it Istanbul.
 The Turks put major tariffs (taxes) on
products passing through Istanbul.
 This made products very expensive.
 Europeans decided to find a new
route to China and India.
1453 Constantinople falls to the Turks
 1492 Columbus arrives in America
 1498 Vasco da Gama arrives in India
 1519-1522 Magellan sails around the world
 1521Aztec empire conquered by Spain
 1534 Cartier sails up the St.Lawrence
 1607 Jamestown founded ,British colony
 1608 Quebec founded ,French Colony

 During
the Renaissance there were
many advances in science and
technology.
 It was these advances that made
exploration possible.
 During the Middle ages people
believed that the earth was flat. This is
what the church taught.
 This
idea of a flat Earth, stopped many
from exploring, due to the fear of
falling off the edge of the world.
 With the new ideas of the
Renaissance, people started to
believe in earth as a sphere.
Advances in Astronomy
 The
greatest achievement in this area
was the idea of a spherical (round)
earth.
 Copernicus created the theory that
the everything revolved around the
sun.
 This was confirmed by Galileo and his
invention of the telescope.
 Newton created the theory of gravity.
Advances in Navigation
 Many advances were made in the
area of navigation.
The Caravel
 A ship developed by the Portuguese
 It had high sides and a flat bottom
which made it very sturdy on the
ocean.
 It had new types of sails and rudder
which made these ships faster and
easier to steer.
The Astrolabe
 An instrument used to calculate a
ship’s latitude.
 Sailors would aim the pointer at the
sun or North Star. They would then
read the height from the horizon.
 From this they could calculate their
latitude.
The Compass
 Is an instrument that points to the
magnetic north.
 The first compasses were wooden
boxes filled with oil or water and a
floating magnetic needle.
 This instrument can be used in any
weather condition, during the day or
at night
The Portolan
 Were charts very similar to maps,
which showed the location of
landmarks and shorelines.
 Used alongside the astrolabe.
 In
their search for a new route to the
East (China and India) and the 3G’S.
Explorers discovered lands they did
not know existed.
 It is important to remember that
before exploration, the world known
to the Europeans was restricted to
Europe.
 When
North and South America were
created European kingdoms began
looking for riches on these new lands.
 Christopher Columbus discovered the
Caribbean islands for Spain.
 John Cabot is credited with the
discovery of Canada.
 When Europeans landed in the new
world, they immediately claimed this
land in the name of the monarch that
paid for their journey.
 The
Renaissance created many
technological and scientific
advancements.
 The fall of Constantinople in 1453, Turks
implementing high tariffs on trade
goods.
 The four reasons why Europeans set
out explore the world were: GOLD,
GOD, GLORY (3G’s), and find a new
route to China and India.
 Many
advancements in
astronomy: world is round not
flat, sun is the center of the
universe.
 Many advancements in
technology: caravel,
astrolabe, portolan, compass.
 Europeans discovered and
claimed land for their
monarchs.
Indigenous refers to native peoples of a
particular area. People that were in an
area before the Europeans arrived.
 There was a mutual misunderstanding
between Europeans and Native from the
first contact.
 It is from these misunderstandings that
historical stereotypes were developed.
 Ex: Savages, “Indians”, Uncivilized

 The
Europeans immediately thought
the natives were uneducated and
uncivilized.
 In reality many native groups had very
complex social structures and
understanding of their environments.
 From the beginning the Europeans
started to trade with the natives of the
areas they landed in.
 The
Europeans introduced the natives
to many new products.
 The natives taught the Europeans
about new plants and natural
medicines.
 Despite, learning about these new
plant species, the Europeans still saw
the Natives as inferior (weaker).
Barley, rye
wheat
 Vines
 Sheep, cows,
horses
 Metal objects
(knives, hooks)
 Firearms
 Alcohol

Pineapple
 Chocolate
 Tomatoes
 Beans and corn
 Potatoes
 Tobacco
 Furs

 The
Europeans were convinced that
they were superior to the natives in
every way.
 They began taking land from the
natives by force (fight/war).
 The Europeans began to exploit the
resources of their new land.
 The natives were also forced to obey
the Europeans.
 The
Europeans turned their newly
acquired lands into colonies.
 A colony is an area and population
that now has to obey a new ruler.
 Europeans began to colonize the new
world.
 New World = newly discovered land,
ex: North and South America.
 After
taking away native land without
much of a fight, it proved to the
Europeans that they were truly
superior.
 The Europeans also felt that because
the natives had an uneducated view
of the world .
 The Europeans also believed that
native religion was “backwards”
 These views reinforced the superior
attitude of the Europeans.
Human’s
place in
nature
Trading of
goods
Europeans
Humans
must
dominate
nature
Natives
Live in
harmony
with nature
For profit.
Money is
usually
exchanged
Religious,
social
importance.
Used barter
Laws
Political
power
Production
Land
Laws are
written down
Laws are
orally
transmitted
Countries run Tribes run by
by monarchs chiefs
Surplus sold
for profit
Produce only
what they
need
Land belongs Land belongs
to whoever
to no one.
finds it
Europeans would exploit the natural
resources of their new lands.
 These resources would then be shipped
back to the Mother Country.
 With these new colonies, European
countries began creating their empires.
 Empires would grow due to new sources
of wealth.
 The main purpose of the colonies was to
supply the Mother country, with products

 Much
of the native land was taken
away by force.
 These “wars” with the Europeans and
the outbreak of diseases like;
smallpox, measles, flu, and the plague
greatly reduced native populations.
 There were many massacres
committed by the Europeans. The
most notable was the Spanish on the
Aztec and Inca empires.
With native populations severely
decreased, Europeans began forcing
them to work in the mines, fields, and
forests.
 Many of these natives were taken back
to Europe or brought to other colonies to
work. This began the slave trade.

With the start of the slave trade,
European countries created the
triangular trade.
 Triangular trade consisted of three parts.
1. Processed goods are sold to the
colonies
2. Slaves are traded to other colonies.
3. Resources are shipped to the mother
country for processing.
 This type of trade made the colonies
dependent on the Mother country and
unable to develop for themselves
