Transcript Sponge Activity

Celebrating Texas
text pages 96-115
1
OBJECTIVES
• Sequence and describe
Columbus’s explorations of the
Americas for Spain.
• Identify important events related to
the eventual European exploration
of Texas.
• Organize and interpret information
from maps.
Europe Eyes the Americas
• Christopher Columbus lived during a time
when Spain was at war and many people
were in poverty.
• Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand paid
for Columbus to go on an expedition to
find a new passage to China.
•Expedition: a journey undertaken by a group
of people with a definite purpose.
Christopher
Columbus
King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella
of Spain
“In 1492, COLUMBUS Sailed
the Ocean Blue”
• Columbus believed that the earth was round. He
thought he could sail to Asia (referred to as the
Indies) faster and easier by traveling westward
rather than eastward.
• He could then establish profitable routes to Asia.
(He could trade along the way.)
• Queen Isabella thought this would be a great idea
because it would establish trade with Asia ($) and
would help spread the Catholic faith.
“Columbus preferred dead reckoning over
Celestial navigation, and he was never
comfortable with the astrolabe and other devices
for measuring the heavenly bodies. Above all, he
was masterful in reading the signs of nature, such
as the behavior of birds, the smell of the air, the
color of the sky, the condition of the seas, the
pressure he felt in his joints, floating debris, and
more. Successful navigators were those who
Survived by “reading” nature. Columbus was
quite successful at this and even predicted
hurricanes accurately.”
(http://www.millersv.edu/~columbus/columbus.html)
•Columbus saw land and thought it was
the Indies (Asia).
•He got off the boat and named the
friendly people indios.
•He wasn’t in the Indies…He was in
what we now know as the Bahamas!
•He continued to sail on to find the
riches he had promised the Spanish
monarch. (He was also going to get
to keep a portion of these riches for
himself.)
• On his voyages,
Columbus established the
first permanent colony on
Hispaniola (named Santo
Domingo).
• Columbus did not find
gold or the new passage
to China, but his voyages
did inspire others to seek
their fortunes in America.
COLUMBUS’S FOUR VOYAGES
Major Events from
Columbus’s 4 Voyages
• Columbus lands on San Salvador and
encounters the Taino people.
• He visits Cuba and Hispanola and then
returns to Spain.
• He established the 1st colony – Santo
Domingo.
• He explored parts of Dominica,
Guadeloupe, Jamaica, South America and
Central America.
Columbus’s Impact
• Columbus is credited with discovering
the Americas
• Called the people he saw the “Indios”
• Established the first permanent
colony in the Americas on Hispanola
and called it “Santo Domingo”
• More explorations and colonies
followed as a result- “age of
Exploration”.
1
MAIN IDEA
Propelled by Europe’s goal of finding new
trade routes to Asia, Christopher Columbus
sailed to the Americas. However, not until after
his death would the value of his discovery truly
be known.
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Columbus’s voyages led to further European
exploration and colonization, forever changing
the Americas.
2
OBJECTIVES
• Explain the significance of the date 1519.
• Describe the chronology of significant
individuals and events in Texas history.
• Identify important individuals and issues
related to European exploration and
colonization of Texas.
• Following Columbus’s lead,
Spain established colonies
in the Caribbean and
Mexico. Reports of riches
drew the explorers north to
Texas where they
established a successful
mission.
Columbus…not such a nice guy
• Queen Isabella and King
Ferdinand got word that
Columbus and others had
enslaved, tortured, and killed
thousands of native Taino people
in the Caribbean.
• This angered the monarchs and
made them withdraw their
support for further explorations
by Columbus.
• Did Columbus really discover
America?
• According to the Europeans, the
answer is YES.
Weren’t the Indians already
occupying parts of America,
including our focus….TEXAS?
• From 1492-1519, Spain focused on
establishing colonies in what they
thought was the Indies (modern day
West Indies).
• Spanish explorers heard there were
great civilizations in the interior, which
included great wealth.
• Explorers looking for wealth were
known as conquistadors.
Important Spanish Explorers:
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Hernando Cortes
Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda
Panfilo de Narvaez
Cabeza de Vaca
Estavanico (Esteban)
Fray Marcos
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Hernando de Soto
Luis De Moscoso
Hernando Cortes
• sailed from Cuba to Mexico in 1519
• made a deal with Governor Velasquez and
went back on his word to make a relationship
with the Aztecs
"Cortez and Montezuma at Mexican Temple"
Scene from the frieze decorating the United States Capitol.
Painted sometime between 1878 and 1880 by Constantino Brumidi.
• Cortes conquered the
Aztecs and
Tenochtitlan (Mexico
City) easily because he
had cannons, guns,
disease, and Indian
allies
• He then imprisoned
Montezuma
(Moctezuma)
Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda
and Hernando Cortes
• Pineda’s mission was to map the coastline
of the Gulf of Mexico and establish a
Spanish colony. He was the first European
to explore and map the Texas coastline.
•Later, Cortes cut Pineda’s
journey short. He saw
Pineda as a threat to his
journey, so he arrested some
of Pineda’s men!
Panfilo de Narvaez
•Governor
Velasquez sent
him to arrest
Cortes, but Cortes
bribed him and he
brought troops to
help beat the
Aztecs.
The Narvaez
Expedition
• In 1526, Panfilo de Narvaez was granted the
land of Florida by the king of Spain.
• His expedition traveled up the western coast of
Florida in 1528, but he became lost. He then
built 5 boats to sail to Mexico.
• A hurricane drowned many of the men at sea,
including Narvaez. However, two boats survived
but were wrecked.
The Narvaez Expedition
•Out of the 400 men and 82 horses
that Narvaez started with on his
expedition, only 80 or so survived
the hurricane.
•They arrived at Galveston Bay.
•They were the first known
Europeans to set foot in what is now
present-day Texas.
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
• The survivors (including Estavanico) from the
1528 hurricane beached at Galveston Bay and
were captured by the Karankawas.
• At first, they were little more than slaves, but
Cabeza de Vaca saved a Karankawa Indian by
pulling an arrow out of his skin. The
Karankawa treated Cabeza de Vaca and the
others as shaman (healers) and gave them
more freedom. This allowed them to escape
seven years later when they happened upon
other Spaniards.
• As a result of the capture, Cabeza de
Vaca and his men became the first
Europeans to see the interior of Texas.
• Cabeza de Vaca wrote a formal report of
the things he had seen, such as fertile soil
and humped-backed cows.
• He also told of the legends of the 7 cities
of Cibola that he had heard from the
Native Americans.
• These tales excited the Spanish officials.
Cabeza de Vaca
• He also wrote
about his life with
the Native
Americans in a
work of literature
called La
relacion.
• This was the first
written work of
Texas literature.
Estavanico (Esteban)
Estavanico was a
Morrocan slave
who was possibly
the first black
person to explore
TX.
• He was helpful to
the explorers
because he
learned languages
quickly.
•
The Search for the 7 Cities of Gold
• Fray Marcos led an expedition to the north to
find the 7 cities of Cibola.
• Estevanico was ordered to be the guide.
• Estevanico and a few others marched ahead
and reported back to that they had found one of
the cities of Cibola.
• As the rest of the group caught up, they heard
that Estevanico had been killed by the Zuni
Indians who lived in the city called Cibola.
• In spite of the tragedy, Fray Marcos pressed on.
The Search Continues
• When they arrived at the golden city, they saw
the buildings shimmering in the sun.
• In reality, the buildings were made of adobe
which sparkled as the sun shone upon it.
• Not realizing the city was adobe and not gold,
Fray Marcos returned to Mexico with news of
golden cities.
• Excitement abounded and a larger expedition
was formed.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
• Coronado was commissioned to find these
legendary Seven Cities of Cibola.
Coronado
and his men
became the
first
Europeans to
see West
Texas and
Palo Duro
Canyon.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
• Coronado was the
leader of the 2nd and
the largest expedition
for 7 cities of Cibola.
• Fray Marcos went
along as the guide.
• When they arrived at
the Zuni village, a short
skirmish ensued.
• Coronado felt ashamed
“not like a conqueror”
when he killed the Zuni
Indians and realized
there was no gold.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
• He refused to give up his quest for
gold.
• He met a native named El Turco (the
Turk) who told stories of a place farther
east called Quivira.
• It supposedly had fabulous riches.
• Coronado searched for Quivira and
never found it.
• He had El Turco killed when he found
out that the Turk lied to him.
Coronado’s Report
• Coronado’s report to the Spanish officials
stated that the land was harsh, but that it was
similar to parts of Spain.
• He was impressed by the possible wealth in the
huge herds of buffalo.
• He stated that no riches could be found, so the
land was of little use to the Spaniards.
• He also told about how the Native Americans
had lied about the golden cities to get the
Spaniards off of their land and leave them in
peace.
• While Coronado searched for
Cibola and Quivira, Spain sent
another expedition in search of
gold.
• Hernando de Soto’s expedition
also did not find any gold, but
they explored East Texas.
• They were the first exploration
into the interior of North America.
•De Soto explored present-day Georgia, the
Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and
Arkansas.
•When he and his expedition reached the
Mississippi River, they were discouraged and
running out of supplies. They turned back home.
•De Soto never made it back home. He died of an
illness. His successor, Luis de Moscoso de
Alvarado set out to find an overland route back to
Mexico.
Luis de Moscoso de Alvarado
• Moscoso reported to the
Spanish officials that the
northern part of New Spain
had no gold, but that he had
found one resource – a thick
kind of oil seeping from the
ground.
• This later became known as
“black gold.”
Mnemonic Device for
DeSoto and Moscoso
•
•
•
•
•
•
Moscoso and DeSoto
Took
A
Group
Around
Carolinas, MS, TN, AR, GA, and AL
Spain’s Interest in Texas Wanes
• It was almost 60 years before another Spanish
expedition was sent into Texas.
• This expedition was the sent because an
English explorer named Sir Francis Drake came
to explore America.
• In 1601, the Spanish sent Juan de Onate to
establish the colony of Santa Fe in modern day
New Mexico (Texas back then).
• Like the others, he found no riches and had
problems with the Native Americans.
• For around 75 years, few other Spanish
explorers entered the land of Texas.
Results of the Expeditions
1. Spain had a strong claim to TX land as a result of the
expeditions.
2. Knowledge of the land – saw and mapped much of TX
3. Spain still decided not to settle.
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no gold, etc.
Indian problems / raids
too far from other Spanish settlements (in current day
Mexico)
land was too dry and rugged
there were no large cities to conquer
4. Texas was used as a barrier between New Spain and
violent Indians and other advancing countries.
Spain Establishes Missions
• To compete with other nations
and to make a name for
themselves, they established
several missions in the
Americas.
• A mission is a settlement
founded to spread
Christianity to the
people of the area.
rootsweb.com/~txgenweb/ postcards/SanAntonio.html
Spain Establishes Missions
• The first mission in Texas was near El
Paso (Corpus Christi de la Ysleta).
• The purpose of this mission was to
spread Christianity to Native
Americans in the area.
• The mission was a
success and more
were to come.
anderson.mine.nu/.../ 2000texastrip.htm
SPANISH EXPLORERS: 1519–1598
2
MAIN IDEA
Spanish explorers realized that the Americas
could provide even greater riches than could be
earned through trade with Asia. For the next 150
years after Columbus’s voyages, adventurers
explored the new lands in search of wealth.
www.nisd.net/hobbyww/ teams/explorers.htm
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Spanish explorers did not find the riches they
sought in North America, but their search brought
them to Texas.
www.sailtexas.com/ columbusships.html
3
OBJECTIVES
• Analyze La Salle’s purpose
for coming to Texas.
• Describe how La Salle’s
journey affected Spanish
exploration and colonization
of Texas.
French Ambitions
• The French wanted to compete
with Spain’s quest for riches.
The French Explore
Texas
• The international competition for land
in the New World was intense.
• In 1682, La Salle mapped the
Mississippi River and claimed it, all of
the lands it watered, and its branches
for France.
• He called it La Louisiane (Louisiana).
• King Louis XIV funded LaSalle’s next
adventure because he was impressed
with LaSalle’s ability to map the river.
• This adventure was to establish a colony
near the Mississippi River.
• LaSalle convinced the monarch that the
French missionaries could teach the
Catholic religion to the natives.
• He also stated that crops would grow well
in the region’s rich soil.
• Most importantly, a French colony at the
mouth of the Mississippi River could
control trade in the Gulf and the interior of
North America.
So, off he went.
• With 4 ships, 300 colonists, 100
soldiers, and supplies.
The problem was…
• One ship was captured by
buccaneers (pirates).
• One ship rebelled and
returned to France with supplies.
• One ship sank.
Or
Chicken
Wise Men?
Also…
• The maps that LaSalle used were
correct concerning latitude, but
entirely wrong concerning longitude.
o
• The longitude was off by 7 .
• They missed the mouth of the
Mississippi River by 400 miles and
ended up at the Matagorda Bay in
Texas.
Fort St. Louis
• La Salle established the first French
colony in Texas near present-day
Garcitas Creek in Victoria County.
• The colony had trouble from the
beginning because they lost valuable
supplies at sea.
• They were helped for a while by the
Indians, but fighting soon broke out.
Why did the Natives turn against
LaSalle and his men?
• The Native Americans
found the supplies that
washed up on shore after
La Belle sank.
• The French took the
supplies back without
asking for them or
explaining what
happened.
Fort St. Louis
• La Salle tried to find a way back to the
Mississippi River, but was unsuccessful.
• While he was gone, many of his men died
from diseases and Indian attacks.
• The crops also began to fail and there
was little food.
• In 1687, La Salle and 17
of his men went looking,
once again, for the
Mississippi River.
Fort St. Louis
• While they were trying to find the river, the
men plotted against LaSalle (because they
thought he was a poor leader) and killed him.
• Some of these men, including Joutel who took
over, made it back to Canada.
• The remaining colonists at Ft. St. Louis were
killed by smallpox and the Karanakawa
Indians.
• However, six colonists were able to escape.
• Two of these men were later rescued by
Spanish explorers.
Results of LaSalle’s Adventure
• It gave France a weak claim to Texas.
• It presented a challenge to Spain’s
empire north of the Rio Grande.
• The Spanish realized that if they did
not build settlements in Texas, the
French might gain control of the
region and they would not become the
world’s greatest nation.
Consequences
for the Native
Americans
www.rangerdj.com/ clipart/indian/indian.jpg
• Native Americans lived in Texas long
before the Europeans explored there.
• The arrival of the Spanish and French
explorers to Texas brought Native
Americans severe consequences.
• Diseases such as smallpox killed
thousands of Native Americans.
3
MAIN IDEA
Although La Salle’s expeditions may not have
been true successes for France, they were seen
as competition by Spain. This contributed to
the rebirth of Spanish exploration and
settlement of the Gulf Coast of Texas.
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
France’s interest in Texas spurred settlement
by Spain, which established the foundation of
today’s Texas.
TIMELINE 1492–1700
1492 Columbus reaches the Americas
1519 Álvarez de Piñeda explores Gulf Coast
of Texas
1537 Cabeza de Vaca reports on Texas
1541 Coronado leads expedition into Texas
1542 De Soto–Moscoso expedition reaches East
Texas
1610 Juan de Oñate establishes Santa Fe
1682 Spaniards establish the first Texas
mission, Corpus Christi de la Ysleta
1685 La Salle establishes Fort St. Louis
FRENCH AND SPANISH
CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688
Europe Eyes the Americas
Columbus came to the New World
looking for gold and a new trade
route to Asia. Although he found
neither, his four voyages inspired
others to seek their fortunes in the
Americas.
Spanish Explorers
Come to Texas
The French Explore Texas
Spain’s claims on Texas lands
prompted France to establish a
colony of its own. Although La
Salle’s Texas colony did not
survive, France’s
presence renewed
Spain’s interest in
settling Texas.
Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established
colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports
of riches drew the explorers north to Texas
where they established a successful mission.
TEKS and TAKS
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SS 7.1 B,C
SS 7.2 B
SS 7.20 A
SS 7.21 A,B,C,D,E,H
SS 7.22 B,D
SS 7.19 C
SS 7.9 C
TA 4A
MA 7.9, 7.13
• SS Grade 8:
–
–
–
–
5:8.30 B,C,D
2:8.11 A
3:8.24 D
5:8.30 A,B,C,D
• MA Grade 7:
– 4:7.9 A
– 7.13 A