Transcript Exploration: cause and effect!

1497: VASCO DE GAMMA SAILS TO INDIA
CAUSES:
• IN THE 1400S DEMAND FOR EXOTIC GOODS HAD INCREASED.
• WANTED TO SURPASS DIAS AND GO FURTHER THAN HE DID.
• ARABS AND ITALIAN MERCHANTS DOMINATED TRADE AND EUROPEANS KNEW THAT THEY COULD
MAKE MORE MONEY IF THEY COULD BYPASS THEM.
• VASCO DE GAMMA WANTED TO REACH THE GREAT SPICE PORT IN CALICUT, INDIA TO GAIN
ACCESS TO THE VALUABLE SPICES.
• VASCO DE GAMMA WANTED TO GAIN CONTROL OF THE SPICE PORTS SO HE LEFT PORTUGUESE
MERCHANTS AND SAILED BACK MANY TIMES
EFFECTS:
• THE PORTUGUESE SEIZED THE KEY PORTS AROUND INDIA AND ESTABLISHED A GREAT
TRADING EMPIRE.
• TAKING CONTROL FROM THE INDIAN PEOPLES THAT LIVED THERE AND AFFECTING THE
INDIAN ECONOMY.
• PORTUGAL BECAME A WORLD POWER BECAUSE OF THE INFLUX OF MONEY FROM SPICES
AND FROM CONTROLLING THE KEY PORTS IN INDIA.
• HIS SUCCESS ENCOURAGED OTHER NATIONS TO EXPLORE FOR A QUICK ROUTE TO ASIA.
• THE PORTUGUESE ALSO TOOK AND CONTROLLED PORTS ALONG THE COAST OF AFRICA,
INTRODUCING NEW TECHNOLOGY TO THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE.
EFFECTS (CONT.)
• THEIR EXPLORATION OF AFRICA LEAD THEM TO GET INVOLVED IN THE HIGHLY
PROFITABLE SLAVE TRADE.
• AFRICAN RULERS KIDNAPPED OTHER AFRICANS AND TRADED THEM INTO SLAVERY FOR
A VARIETY OF GOODS.
• OVER THE NEXT 300 YEARS TENS OF THOUSANDS OF AFRICANS WERE STOLEN AND
SOLD INTO SLAVERY.
• AFRICANS WERE TUTORED, LIKE AFFONSO I, BY MISSIONARIES AND INTRODUCED TO
CHRISTIANITY.
• HIS VOYAGES ENCOURAGED FURTHER EXPLORATION AND CONTACT WITH ASIA.
1492: COLUMBUS SAILS TO THE NEW
WORLD
CAUSES:
• COLUMBUS WAS MOTIVATED BY PORTUGUESE SUCCESS IN INDIA TO FIND A QUICKER
ROUTE TO ASIA AND THE PRESTIGE IT HAD BROUGHT THEIR NAVIGATORS.
• ISABELLA AND FERDINAND HOPED THAT COLUMBUS’ VOYAGE AND SUBSEQUENT
SUCCESS WOULD STRENGTHEN CATHOLICISM IN EUROPE.
• ISABELLA AND FERDINAND ALSO WERE MOTIVATED TO FUND COLUMBUS’ VOYAGES
BECAUSE OF THE WEALTH IT COULD BRING THEM.
• COLUMBUS WANTED TO BE THE FIRST TO FIND A WESTWARD PASSAGE TO ASIA.
EFFECTS
• SPAIN CLAIMED THE “NEW WORLD” FOR THEIR OWN DESPITE PEOPLE LIVING THERE
ALREADY.
• SPAIN BECAME A WORLD POWER AND UNEXPLORED LANDS WERE SPLIT BETWEEN THEM
AND PORTUGAL BY THE POPE IN THE TREATY OF TORDESILLAS.
• MOTIVATED BY THE TREATY OF TORDESILLAS, THE RICHES, AND THE LAND THAT SPAIN
AND PORTUGAL HAD GAINED, OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS BEGAN TO EXPLORE THE
WORLD.
• THE WORLD OF EMPIRES BEGAN WITH EUROPEAN NATIONS SEEKING NEW LANDS AND
THE RESOURCES THEY PROVIDED.
EFFECTS (CONT.)
• PLANTATIONS WERE ESTABLISHED IN THE AMERICAS AND THE DEMAND FOR SLAVES
INCREASED FUELING THE AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE.
• THE HIGH DEMAND FOR SLAVES IN THE “NEW WORLD” RESULTED IN MILLIONS OF
AFRICANS BEING KIDNAPPED AND SOLD INTO SLAVERY.
• MANY SMALL AFRICAN STATES DISAPPEARED OR WERE WIPED OUT BECAUSE THE MEN
AND WOMEN WERE KILLED OR CAPTURED WHICH CREATED GREAT INSTABILITY IN
AFRICA.
• DIFFERENT AFRICAN STATES (ASANTE AND OYO) ROSE TO POWER BECAUSE OF
TECHNOLOGY AND WEALTH GAINED FROM THE SLAVE TRADE WHICH ENCOURAGED
THEM TO CONTINUE TRADING PEOPLE FOR PROFIT.
1521: MAGELLAN CLAIMS THE PHILLIPINES
FOR SPAIN
CAUSES:
• MAGELLAN WANTED TO REACH THE PACIFIC AND ASIA VIA THE WEST IN ORDER TO GAIN
ACCESS TO THE SPICES AND LUXURY ITEMS OF ASIA FOR TRADE.
• MAGELLAN ALSO WANTED TO BE THE FIRST TO CIRCUMNAVIGATE THE GLOBE.
• THE SPANISH ALSO WANTED TO CHRISTIANIZE THE PHILIPPINES.
EFFECTS
• THE PEOPLE WERE CONQUERED AND THEIR LAND AND RESOURCES TAKEN FROM THEM.
• CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES SOUGHT TO CONVERT THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION AND FROM
THERE HAD A BASE OF OPERATIONS TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY THROUGHOUT ASIA.
• THE PHILIPPINES BECAME AN IMPORTANT TRADE PORT AND BROUGHT RICHES TO THE SPANISH
EMPIRE.
• GOLD AND SILVER FROM THE AMERICAS WAS SHIPPED TO THE PHILIPPINES THUS CONTINUING
TO FUEL THE INVASION OF THE AMERICAS AND THE NEED FOR SLAVE LABOR.
• SET A BAD STANDARD OD EUROPEAN INTERACTION WITH THE POWERS OF ASIA WHICH LIMITED
EUROPEAN ACCESS TO CHINA, KOREA, AND JAPAN.
1652: THE DUTCH ARRIVE AT THE
SOUTHERN TIP OF AFRICA
CAUSES:
• THE DUTCH WERE MOTIVATED BY THE WEALTH AND POWER OF THE PORTUGUESE.
• THEY WANTED TO GAIN PROFIT AND POWER BY CONTROLLING THE KEY AREA OF THE
SOUTHERN TIP OF AFRICA THAT SHIPS NEEDED TO REPAIR SUPPLY ON AT ON THEIR WAY
TO INDIA.
• THE DUTCH FELT THAT THEY WERE CHOSEN BY GOD TO TAKE THIS LAND FOR
THEMSELVES.
EFFECTS
• THE BOERS (DUTCH SETTLERS) LOOKED AT AFRICANS AS INFERIORS AND ENSLAVED,
OUSTED, OR KILLED THEM.
• THEY ESTABLISHED THE FIRST PERMANENT COLONIES IN AFRICA AND FROM THEIR
EXPANDED BATTLING WITH MANY AFRICA GROUPS OVER LAND AND RESOURCES.
• THIS WAS THE START OF EUROPEAN RULE IN SOUTH AFRICA.
• THE DUTCH IN EUROPE GAINED MUCH PROFIT FROM THEIR KEY STRATEGIC SPOT AND
WITH THIS FOOTHOLD THE DUTCH WERE ABLE TO LAUNCH FORAYS INTO ASIA FURTHER
INCREASING PROFIT.
EFFECTS (CONT.)
• WITH MONEY MADE FROM TRADE THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY WAS FORMED AND
THIS COMPANY WAGED WAR AND CAPTURED THE MALACCAS AND CONTROLLING
MUCH OF THE TRADE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA MAKING THE DUTCH VERY POWERFUL
• SIDE NOTE: THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY WAS NOT GOVERNED BY A RULER AND
INSTEAD WAS ALLOWED TO WAGE WAR, MAKE TREATIES, BUILD ARMIES, AND RULE OVER
THEIR NEWLY ACQUIRED TERRITORY.
• THE DUTCH WERE ABLE TO GAIN ACCESS TO INDIA AND BECAUSE OF THAT ACCESS
THEY TOOK KEY PORTS AND LAND AND THE NATIVE MUGHAL EMPIRE OF INDIA
WEAKENED OPENING THE DOOR FOR THE DUTCH AND THE BRITISH TO TAKE CONTROL OF
INDIA, IT’S PEOPLE, AND IT’S RESOURCES.
1543: PORTUGAL, AND OTHER EUROPEANS,
LAND IN JAPAN
CAUSES:
• CHINA (MING) LIMITED EUROPEAN TRADE AND WOULD NOT ALLOW EUROPEANS TO
SETUP FORTS OR SETTLEMENTS. THEY ALSO FOUND EUROPEAN METAL AND TEXTILES
INFERIOR (WHICH THEY WERE) SO THEY ONLY TRADED ITEMS WITH THEM FOR GOLD
AND SILVER. THIS MADE EUROPEANS DESIRE ACCESS TO THEM AND THEIR LANDS EVEN
MORE.
• CHINA AND ASIA HAD SUPERIOR GOODS (LIKE PORCELAIN, METAL WORK, AND SILK)
AND EUROPE WANTED ACCESS TO THESE ITEMS.
CAUSES (CONT.)
• EUROPEANS ALSO WANTED TO LEARN ABOUT A LAND AND PEOPLE THAT THEY HAD
LITTLE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT.
• THE JESUITS SOUGHT TO CONVERT THE CHINESE BUT WERE LARGELY UNSUCCESSFUL.
HOWEVER THE CHINESE WERE INTERESTED IN LEARNING ABOUT THE RENAISSANCE SO
THEY TRADED INFORMATION. EUROPEANS HAD LITTLE KNOWLEDGE OF CHINA SO EVEN
THOUGH THEY DID NOT CONVERT MANY CHINESE WHAT THEY LEARNED ABOUT THEM
WAS VALUABLE.
EFFECTS
• NEW CROPS FROM THE AMERICAS WERE INTRODUCED TO CHINA WHICH CAUSED THEIR
ECONOMIES TO EXPAND.
• THIS CONTRIBUTED TO A HUGE INCREASE IN POPULATION FOR THE CHINESE FROM 140 MILLION
IN 1740 TO 300 MILLION IN 1800.
• CHINESE INDUSTRIES EXPANDED DUE TO THE EUROPEAN DEMAND FOR THEIR GOODS LIKE SILK,
COTTON, AND PORCELAIN.
• THIS RESULTED IN THE ECONOMY EXPANDING FOR CHINA.
• THE CHINESE DID NOT TRUST THE EUROPEANS SO CONTINUED TO KEEP THEM AT ARM’S LENGTH.
CAUSES FOR JAPAN
• SEEKING TRADING CONNECTIONS EUROPEANS WITH ASIAN EMPIRES AND BEING
REJECTED BY CHINA AND KOREA THEY TURNED TO JAPAN.
• THE JESUITS WANTED TO CONVERT THE JAPANESE TO CHRISTIANITY.
• EUROPEANS NATIONS ALSO SOUGHT A FOOTHOLD IN ASIA AND THE POWER IT WOULD
GIVE THEM IN THE REGION.
EFFECTS
• TRADE BROUGHT FIREARMS TO JAPAN AND HELPED THE TOKAGAWA SHOGUNS ISOLATE POWER.
• JESUITS CONVERTED MANY JAPANESE (ESITMATED 300,00) TO CHRISTIANITY BUT THE TOKAGAWA
SHOGUNS WORRIED THAT THE CONVERTED JAPANESE WOULD OWE THEIR ALLEGIANCE T THE POPE. THIS
RESULTED IN THE SHOGUNS PERSECUTING AND KILLING JAPANESE CHRISTIANS.
• THE JAPANESE ALSO LEARNED THAT SPAIN AND CONQUERED THE PHILIPPINES AND FEARED THAT THEY
WOULD ATTEMPT THE SAME WITH THEM AND CHOSE TO BAN THEM FROM THEIR LANDS.
• JAPAN THEN CHOSE TO ISOLATE ITSELF FROM EUROPEAN CONTACT ALLOWING ONLY ONE OR TWO DUTCH
SHIPS TO TRADE WITH THEM A YEAR.
• THIS STRENGTHENED THEIR NATIONAL IDENTITY AND THE DEMAND FOR JAPANESE GOODS. INCREASING
WEALTH AND THE POPULATION.
PROCESSING: QUICK WRITE
• WHAT THEMES DO YOU SEE SO FAR FOR THE CAUSES OF EUROPEAN
EXPLORATION AND FOR THE IMPACT THAT THEIR EXPLORATION HAD ON THE
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES THEY ENCOUNTERED?