Transcript History 2311 Western Civilization to 1715 Slide day 6

History 2311 Western Civilization to
1715
Slide Set 5
Central Texas College
Fort Knox, Kentucky
Bruce A. McKain
America Prior to European Progress
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal and Exploration
• Prince Henry
– Known as “The Navigator”.
– Supported Navigators and
Explorers, with training and
large collections of charts and
maps.
– Moved Portugal to the front
of European exploration.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal Continued
• 1488 sails southward along
the coast of Africa and
discovers the Cape of Good
Hope.
Bartholomew Dias
Cape of Good Hope
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal continued
• 1497 retraced the route
opened by Dias and then
scouted a route across the
Indian Ocean to India,
setting up Portugal as a
premier power in sea based
eastern trade.
Vascoa Da Gama
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal continued
• 1500 sailed southward and
West to scout a route to
Brazil.
Pedro Cabral
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal continued
• 1494
• New World conflicts
between Portugal and Spain
results in their differences
being taken for arbitration
by the Pope.
• Settlement splits South
America on a North/South
axis, with the Eastern
sphere going to Portugal
and the Western to Spain.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal continued
• Portugal established a
permanent Trade Center at
Goa in India. Maintains the
center until England takes
India as a colonial
possession in the 18th
century.
Goa
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain
• Christopher Columbus
– Italian
– 1492
– Supported by Ferdinand and
Isabella of Spain.
– Three ship expedition.
– “Discovered” San Salvador
– Made several additional
voyages and died believing he
had discovered the westward
route to the Indies.
Christopher Columbus
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Ferdinand of Spain
Isabella of Spain
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Columbus’ Ships
Columbus’ Landing
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued
• Exploration of Florida and
portions of Southeastern
America in search for the
Fountain of Youth.
• Note: He didn’t find it. He is
dead.
• His exploration set the stage
for the establishment of the
first European city in North
America St. Augustine Florida.
Juan Ponce de Leon
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued
• 1513
• Crosses the Isthmus of
Panama and “discovers” the
South Seas.
• His discovery gave Spain the
claim to the entire ocean
and all the lands it touched.
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Age of Exploration and Expansion
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Spain continued
Portuguese
1519-22
“Discovered” Straits of
Magellan at the tip of South
America. “Discovered” and
named the Pacific Ocean.
His expedition completed
the first circumnavigation of
the earth, without him, he
was killed in the Philippines.
Ferdinand Magellan
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Magellan/El Cano Expedition
El Cano
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued
• 1519-21
• Landed on the coast of Mexico
and set out on a mission of
establishing a colony for Spain.
• 600 men.
• Defeated the Aztec Empire
with the assistance of Indian
Allies whom the Aztec had
ruled.
• Horses, Guns, and Armor were
significant advantages.
Hernando Cortez
The Aztec
Montezuma II
Aztec Empire
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued
• 1531-33
• Explored Western South
America and defeated the
• Inca Empire with a force of
180 men and Indian Allies.
Francisco Pizarro
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued
• Explored the American
Southwest in search of the
Cities of Gold.
• His explorations took his
expedition as far north as
present day Colorado.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued
• “Discovered” the Mississippi
River.
• Explored much of the
American Southeast as far
West as present day Oklahoma
and Eastern Texas.
• Died of a fever and was buried
in the Mississippi River, to
prevent desecration of his
body by Indians.
Hernando de Soto
Age of Exploration and Expansion
England
• Italian
• Along with his son Sebastian
sailed for England and
explored most of the
Eastern seacoast of North
America.
John Cabot
Age of Exploration and Expansion
England continued
• Roanoke Colony chartered to
Sir Walter Raleigh.
• Established 1584.
• Led by John White.
• First English child born in
North America, Virginia Dare.
• White left to go back to
England for supplies, when he
returned the colony had
vanished.
John White
Roanoke Colony
Virginia Dare
Roanoke Colony
Age of Exploration and Expansion
England continued
• Jamestown Colony
chartered to Sir Walter
Raleigh.
• Established 1607.
• Led by John Smith.
• Saved from failure by John
Rolfe, who discovered the
qualities of short leaf
tobacco.
John Smith
Jamestown Colony
Early Jamestown
Sir Walter Raleigh
Jamestown Colony
John Rolfe
Pocahontas
Age of Exploration and Expansion
France
• Explored the St. Lawrence
River and established the
initial settlement at the site
of present day Montreal.
• Explored no further inland
due to rapids at falls at that
point.
Jacques Cartier
Age of Exploration and Expansion
France continued
• Founded the present day
city of Quebec.
Samuel de Champlain
Age of Exploration and Expansion
France continued
• “Discovered” mouth of
Mississippi River in 1682.
• His voyage from the
headwaters of the
Mississippi to the Gulf of
Mexico gave France the
claim to inland North
America that was the basis
of Napoleon’s right to sell
the Louisiana Territory to
the United States in 1803.
Lasalle
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Holland
• Englishman but sails for
Holland Discovers Hudson
Bay and River.
• Sought a Northward
passage around North
America to prevent the
necessity of sailing around
South America in order to
reach the Pacific Ocean.
Henry Hudson
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Sweden
• Founded Ft Christiana in
1638, this was later
absorbed by the Dutch and
would become New
Amsterdam, which would
be taken by the English
King’s brother, the Duke of
York, and become known as
New York City.
Fort Christiana
Swedish Influence
Leif Erikson
Peter Minuit
Duke of York
Problems with the Devine Right
Monarchy
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The Sun King
Ruled France of 77 years –
longest reigning of any
European Monarch.
Established the concept of
absolute rule.
Abused his powers
Nearly bankrupted France.
“I and the State” is
attributed to him.
Louis XIV of France
The Stuarts of England
The Stuart House
• James VI of Scotland
becomes King of England
upon death of Elizabeth I.
• Orders official English
translation of Bible, “King
James Version” which
becomes the standard Bible
for English speaking
protestants until the late
20th century.
James I
The Stuarts of England
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The Stuart House
King at the start of The
English Civil War
Cavaliers – loyal to the King.
Roundheads- English
Protestants led in revolt by
Oliver Cromwell.
Charles lost his head over
religion.
Charles I
Oliver Cromwell and the Rump
Parliament
English Civil War
• Led the Roundheads
• Heavy handed dealings
with Ireland. His name is
still hated there today.
• After a period of time the
people of England decided
that maybe the King had
not been so bad after all.
Oliver Cromwell
The Stuarts of England
The Restoration
• Ruled for a relatively short
time.
• Succeeded to throne by his
brother James.
Charles II
The Stuarts of England
The Glorious Revolution
• Took throne upon death of his
brother Charles II.
• Pledged that he would not
attempt to re-establish
Catholic Church as official
church of England.
• Son raised in France led to fear
of his successor.
• Abdicated and fled England
upon news of William of
Orange’s landing during
Glorious Revolution.
James II
The Stuarts of England
The Glorious Revolution
• Agreed to come to England
and rule with his wife as C0Regents.
• Died of complications from
a broken collarbone.
William of Orange
The Stuarts of England
William III
Mary II
The Stuarts of England
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The Last Stuart Monarch
Rules after the death of
William of Orange until
1714.
LARGE LADY buried in a
coffin that was almost
square.
No living children.
End of the line of Stuart.
Queen Anne
King George I
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The German King
Hannover Germany
Never learns to speak
English.
Required a translator in
court 24/7.
Spent half his time in
Germany.
Grandfather to George III
who the colonies kicked out
of America.
George I