Transcript Engineering work in the information society

Engineering work in the information society
Adam Pawlak
[email protected]
Presentation Outline
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Elements of the revolution based on information
The vision:
Information and communication - Information anytime , anywhere
Society - global village
Enterprise - global workbench
Infrastructure for the information society
* Internet, multimedia network, vs. interactive television
* Convergence of technologies
* Mobile and satellite communication
Working in the information society:
* distributed work, teleworking
* fast response to change, collaboration
* abstract work, new on-line jobs
New engineering paradigms and tools based on Internet
Towards collaborative engineering
Engineering work in the information society
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Information society ...
Which society...?
• Information superhighways (USA) or global information infrastructure
(GII) - technology backbone for the IS.
• Information society (European Commission) - informationsgesellschaft (Germany)
• Global information society
• A knowledge-based society
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The new industrial revolution
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New information and communication technologies, as well as advances in
microelectronics are responsible for the new industrial revolution that is based
on information.
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Information may be processed, stored, retrieved, and communicated in whatever
form: oral, written or visual - unconstrained by time, distance, and volume.
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109-fold reduction in the cost and speed of storing and transmitting information.
This revolution adds new capacities to human intelligence and constitutes a
resource which changes the way we work and live together.
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The diffusion of these new technologies at all levels of economic and social life
is thus gradually transforming our society into an information society.
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Revolutionary changes cont’d
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New telematic infrastructures can handle the ever increasing
tide of multimedia (voice, data, image, text and video) traffic.
Telephone, telefax, television and computers - are to be used in
an integrated way.
New ideas, and inventions will spread out globally very rapidly.
The main competitive advantage will be the ability to learn
and respond faster than competition.
Increased competitiveness for enterprises and opening
of new perspectives in terms of both work organization and job creation.
Knowledge and ideas will drive economy. Tremendous quantity
of information will be available. Filtering will be a problem.
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Data, Information, and Knowledge
• Unstructured data does not automatically mean information, nor can
all information be equated with knowledge.
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Information is comparable to the raw materials processed by industry
to make useful products.
• All information can be classified, analyzed and reflected upon and
otherwise processed to generate knowledge.
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Codified vs. tacit knowledge
Information and communication technologies as such has no effect
on knowledge, still less on wisdom.
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The rough sea of on-line information
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One of the main problems for the IS is available on-line:
misinformation, poor quality information, unreliable
information and commercial type information
Development of the skills and tacit knowledge to make effective use
of on-line vast resource is a must.
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Some technology predictions in the Past
Thomas J. Watson (1943): The worldwide need for computing will
be met by five computers.
Popular Mechanics (1949): Computers will one day weight less
than 1.5 tons.
Prentice-Hall, Business Editor (1957): The data processing fad will
not outlast the year.
Ken Olson (1980): The personal computer business will fall flat on it’s face.
No one will want a computer at home.
Source: Bryan Preas, Xerox PARC
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New hybrid network architectures are emerging:
* telephone calls to be made over cable television networks or the Internet, or
* video to be carried over telephone wires.
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Optical fibre will stay essential for transferring the large amounts
of multimedia data.
• Digital compression techniques, more and more important.
• Drastically reduced cost of information storage
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Drastically reduced cost of information storage
Engineering
work inReport
the information http://www.itu.int/ti/wtdr95/
society
Source: 1995 World Telecommunication
Development
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Information & Telecommunication Market
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PCS = Personal Communication Services;
MMDS = Multichannel Mulitpoint Distribution System
GMPCS = Global Mobile Personal Communications Systems. .
Source: 1995 World Telecommunication Development Report http://www.itu.int/ti/wtdr95/
The vision
Information anytime, and anywhere
Applications, e.g.: air traffic control, road traffic management, health care,
teleworking, distance learning,...
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Society - global village
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Minimising of distance and remoteness among citizens
New opportunities to express cultural traditions and identities,
also for those standing on the geographical periphery
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Enterprise - global workbench
• Globalization, and new markets - new ways in accessing customers
• Novel information services and applications
• Audio-visual markets
• Ending monopoly for telecom operators
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Means also fostering an entrepreneurial
mentality to enable the emergence of
new dynamic sectors of the economy
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The European Commission’s vision
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The EC has been committed to IS vision since the beginning of the 80’s.
Information technologies - ESPRIT programme, launched in 1984.
RACE programme on advanced communications (1985).
First three programmes on telematic applications launched in 1986:
AIM (health care), DRIVE (road transport) and DELTA (distance learning).
• All these programmes have been extended in the 4th RDT framework programme.
• The policies implemented since 1987 in the fields of telecommunications and,
more recently, the audiovisual sector, are also involved in this dynamic
development.
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The Commission issues White Paper (1993) on: Growth, competitiveness and
employment: the challenges and courses for entering into the XXIst century
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Growth, competitiveness and employment:
the challenges and courses for entering into the XXIst century
EC - White paper, 1993
• Emphasizes the significance of this evolution towards
the information society for the future of European society.
• Stresses the importance and urgency of developing a Pan-European
information infrastructure to help revive European economic growth
and competitiveness and to create new markets and jobs.
• European Council ordered in Dec. 1993 preparation of the report
on concrete measures for its implementation.
• As a result, the Bangemann’s report was prepared (June 1994):
Europe and the global information society Recommendations to the European Council
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Europe and the global information society Recommendations to the European Council
- the Bangemann’s report
• Emphasizes the urgency of a Community action and the need to speed up
the process of liberalization at the same time consolidating the universal service.
• Specifies that financing information infrastructure is mainly the responsibility
of the private sector.
• European Union and its Member States to create a coherent statutory
framework to avoid the circulation of information being impeded by different
national regulations.
• The report also proposes a list of ten initiatives aimed at demonstrating the
feasibility and usefulness of new telematic applications.
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Ten initiatives of the Bangeman’s group
Teleworking
Distance learning
Networks between universities and research centres
Telematic services for SME's
Road traffic management
Air traffic control
Health networks
Electronic tendering
Trans-European networks of government authorities
Urban information superhighways
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Appl. 1: Teleworking
- More jobs, new jobs, for a mobile society
Target:
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10 million teleworking jobs by the year 2000.
Positive role of Telework is not only contributing to the economic
competitiveness of European enterprises but also to the quality of life
of its citizens, and its potential in creating work opportunities.
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Appl. 4: Telematic Services for SMEs
- Relaunching a main engine for growth and employment in Europe
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The widest possible use of telematic services (E-mail, file transfer, EDI,
video conferencing, distance learning, etc.) by European SMEs, with links
to public authorities, trade associations, customers and suppliers.
Raise the awareness of added value services, and communications in
general, among SMEs.
Increase access to trans-European data networks.
If the necessary ISDN networks are available at competitive rates,
the private sector will provide trans-European value-added services
tailored for SMEs.
Target: 40% of SMEs (firms with more than 50 employees)
using telematic networks by 1996.
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The EC programmes related to the research and
development for the information society
ACTS: (Advanced Communications Technologies and Services) the European Commission's major effort to support precompetitive
RTD in the context of trials in the field of telecommunications
during the period of the Fourth Framework Programme of scientific
research and development (1994-1998).
RACE: is a collaborative European research programme, running
from June 1987 to December 1995 (including Phases I & II and
extension). The overall objective is the introduction of Integrated
Broadband Communication (IBC) taking into account the evolving
ISDN and national introduction strategies, progressing towards
Community-wide services by 1995.
ESPRIT: an initiative of the European Commission DG III
(Industry) is a major research programme in information
technologies
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The EC programmes related to the research and
development for the information society cont’d
Telematics application programme: Research, technological
development and demonstration projects for telematics
applications and support actions in the following sectors
of the programme: Administrations, Transport, Research,
Education and Training, Urban and Rural Areas, Environment,
Other Exploratory Actions, Language Engineering.
IBC Lab: Demonstration and dissemination of the results of
R&D efforts: RACE and ACTS. As the Programme
RACE is coming to an end and ACTS is taking over, more
advanced communication prototypes in various domains are
becoming available which can be used by the Commission
services to interact with the projects and field related actors
in a more effective manner.
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The EC programmes related to the research and
development for the information society cont’d
The TeleServ project is part of the European COPERNICUS
Programme, which is set up to manage technology projects in
Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries.
TeleServ's strategic goal is to connect 2000 technologists
in the CEE region, to networks and services used by their peers
in the West. The intention is to provide technology transfers
and employment opportunities in both directions for the region.
I'M Europe - an initiative of Directorate-General XIII of the EC
to provide the World Wide Web with information about Europe
and the European electronic information market.
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ACTS: (Advanced Communications Technologies and Services)
• The development of advanced communication systems and services will
contribute to the emergence of an information society in Europe.
• RTD aimed at bringing together telecommunications, television and media
is essential for the development of trans-European networks and services.
• These activities are therefore crucial not only for all economic activities but
also for social cohesion and cultural development.
Compared with the third framework programme, greater emphasis will be
placed on the application of technologies.
Topics to be focussed on:
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ACTS: in IV Framework Programme cont’d
Topics to be focused on:
· Interactive digital multimedia services - systems and services combining
sound, images and digital data;
· Photonic technologies - fully optical networks by the year 2000;
· High-speed networking - services such as videophones,
teleworking and social care, thanks to efficient integrated networks;
· Mobility and personal communications networks - offer the public a new generation
of flexible and reliable cordless transmission systems;
· Intelligence in networks and service engineering - intelligent communication
systems and enable users themselves to determine the type of services offered;
· Quality, security and safety of communication services and systems - ensure
the reliability and security of information transmitted (electronic signatures).
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ESPRIT
ESPRIT: an initiative of the European Commission DG III (Industry).
The technological areas to be supported are:
• Software Technologies (ST)
• Technologies for Components and Subsystems (TCS)
• Multimedia Systems (MS)
• Long Term Research (LTR)
• Focused Cluster: Open Microprocessor Systems Initiative (OMI)
• Focused Cluster: High Performance Computing and Networking (HPCN)
• Focused Cluster: Technologies for Business Process (TBP)
• Focused Cluster: Integration in Manufacturing (IIM)
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Towards FP5
objectives
Fifth Framework Programme
CEC Draft
19992002
Thematic Programmes
Living World
&
Ecosystem
Information
Society
Technologies
Competitive &
Sustainable
Growth
3.925 BECU
3.925 BECU
3.925 BECU
Horizontal Programmes
International
Cooperation
Innovation
& SMEs
Human
Potential
491 MECU
350 MECU
1.402 BECU
Total: 16.3 Billion ECU (incl. Euratom)
Source: Marc GOFFART
European Commission
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http://www.kp.dlr.de/BENEFIT/sr/index-mg.htm
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New ways of working
IS for the citizen
Multimedia content and tools
Source: Marc GOFFART
European Commission
Visionary Research
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Building blocks
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Presentation Outline
• Elements of the revolution based on information
• The vision:
Information and communication - Information anytime , anywhere
Society - global village
Enterprise - global workbench
•
Infrastructure for the information society
* Internet, multimedia network, vs. interactive television
* Convergence of technologies
* Mobile and satellite communication
• Working in the information society:
* distributed work, teleworking
* fast response to change, collaboration
* abstract work, new on-line jobs
• New engineering paradigms and tools based on Internet
• Towards collaborative engineering
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Moore’s law
The power of microprocessors has been regularly doubling about
every 18 months for the past 25 years.
The trend continues.
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Metcalfe’s law
The value of a computer network grows as the square of the number
of connected elements.
The trend is to connect all computers to a single network.
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US Vice-President Al Gore on GII
March 21, 1994.
A planetary information network that transmits messages and images
with the speed of light from the largest city to the smallest village
on every continent. ...
This GII will circle the globe with information superhighways on which
all people can travel ...
These highways --or, more accurately, networks of distributed intelligence -will allow us to share information, to connect, and to communicate as a
global community.
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Bangemann Report
to the European Council,
Europe and the global information society,
Brussels, May 1994.
Throughout the world, information and communications technologies
are generating a new industrial revolution already as significant
and far-reaching as those of the past.
It is a revolution based on information. ...
Information has a multiplier effect that will energize every economic sector.
With market-driven tariffs, there will be a vast array of novel information
services and applications. ...
Since information activities are borderless in an open market environment,
the information society has an essentially global dimension".
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Building Japan's information infrastructure,
Izumi Aizi
Nihon Keizai Shimbun, April 16, 1993
The cost of information today consists not so much of the creation of contents,
which should be the real value, but of the storage and efficient
delivery of information, that is in essence the cost of paper, printing,
transport, warehousing, and other physical distribution means, plus
the cost of the personnel needed to run these "extra" services. ...
Realising an autonomous distributed networked society, which
is the real essence of the Internet, will be the most critical issue
for the success of the information and communication revolution
of the coming century or millennium."
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Global information infrastructure (GII)
Several competing visions:
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a high performance computer network which will facilitate high-speed
data access and retrieval - computer industry perspective;
a multimedia network, the primary use of which will be conveying
video in conjunction with data, image, text and voice the telecommunications industry perspective;
a medium for interactive television, in which the intelligent television
set rather than the home computer or the video telephone becomes
the main communication channel - the entertainment industry perspective.
Which vision will materialise as GII ?
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The Internet as a high performance computer network ?
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GII can be seen as a high performance computer network
which will facilitate high-speed data access and retrieval.
The Internet is seen as the precursor for a GII.
Should be extended from the academic and research communities
to a broader commercial marketplace.
Must preserve openness and innovation that have been a critical part
of the Internet's success.
• Could form the basis for a new model of network development.
• The Internet suffers from: potential misuse, security problems
and lack of structure. It is also a narrow band rather than a broadband
or high capacity network.
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The Internet may, therefore, be more useful as a test bed for network
evolution rather than being the network itself.
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GII as a multimedia network ?
• Alternatively the GII could be envisaged as a multimedia network,
for conveying video, with data, image, text and voice.
• According to this vision, many of the potential applications will
encompass the entertainment, education and health care sectors
as well as the business market.
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This vision by providing access to schools, universities, hospitals
and public libraries predominates among politicians.
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Interactive television as a foundation for GII ?
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The intelligent television set becomes the main communication channel with:
• multiple new television channels,
• video-on-demand,
• home shopping and other services.
Good for video games as well as for multinational videoconferences.
Entertainment would be the key service, but education and business
services will profit as well.
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A report of the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecoms (MPT) said
that terrestrial digital TV broadcasting should start in the Tokyo,
Osaka and Nagoya regions by the end of 2003 instead of 2000. The
delay is linked to the multi-billion Ecu investment required to
switch to digital broadcasting, which acts as a deterrent for
industry. The MPT recently unveiled a stimulus package aimed to help
broadcasters to switch to digital TV. The report said it expects
analogue broadcasting in Japan to end in 2010.
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Information industry convergence single network of networks can, theoretically,
accommodate each of these different visions.
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Towards the information infrastructure for the IS
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Seamless interconnection of networks:
- fixed, mobile, and satellite
Interoperability of services and applications
Integrated Services Digital Network - ISDN: a first step
- use of telephone lines for transfer of data (even moving images)
- e.g. PC to PC communication, low cost transmission of documents
- teleworking using ISDN services can be attractive to a wide range
of bussinesses. Ideal for distance learning.
Broadband networks: the path to multimedia
- Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology should be
the backbone of the information society.
- cable (optical fibre), and satellite networks - data compression,
and advanced DSP transmission techniques.
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Optical fibres - voice channel equivalents
workReport
in the information http://www.itu.int/ti/wtdr95/
society
Source: 1995 World TelecommunicationEngineering
Development
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Optical fibres - used vs. unused capacity
workReport
in the information
society
Source: 1995 World TelecommunicationEngineering
Development
http://www.itu.int/ti/wtdr95/
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INTERNET
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Radically decentralised systems, no one controls it!
Internet is, in a certain sense, is a set of protocols. Anyone who follows
those protocols can play any of a number of roles in the syste: service provider,
service user, network provider, and so on.
Services required by the IS are supported by INTERNET
- built-in control mechanisms (TCP/IP protocol) is its strength
- can comprise even 600 - 1000 millions of networks; required are
new routers and intelligent software
- Serious security problems
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Netscape founder Marc Andreesen has described the Internet as:
"... a platform for entrepreneurial activities - a free market
economy in its truest sense. Its a level playing field where
people can do anything they wanted to".
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Telephone &
mobile subscribers,
698m
Televisions,
1'160m
Worldwide
installed base,
1994
Cellular radio
Personal
Computers, 180m
Satellite DTH Cable TV
Internetconnected PCs
Despite this astonishing rate of growth, the Internet still
only constitutes a small slice of the information industry pie.
THE Internet and the ITU
© Adam Pawlak
work in the information
society
Source:
ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database.
DrEngineering
Pekka Tarjanne
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European high performance Internet
DANTE, FINE, RIPE, TEN-34 and TERENA
Rapid follow-on of the TEN-34 Project to 155 and 622 Mbps
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US Internet2 project
• Commodity Internet
• Internet2 plans to operate at 2.4 Gbs/sec
• 600 Mbit/s - is fast enough to transmit a 30-volume encyclopaedia
in less than one second.
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Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), will enable users to reserve a
required internet bandwidth.
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Selectable quality of service (QoS): transmission speed, bounded delay
and delay variance, throughput, and schedule
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Today is used the Internet Protocol (IP) version 4.
I2 will deploy IP version 6 (IPv6).
All implementations must be backward compatible with IPv4.
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Engineering work in the information society
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Information infrastructure for the IS cont’d
Mobile communication
• 8 million users (1994) - doubling every year
• Europe is an important leader in mobile communications
• GSM - very successful
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Information infrastructure for the IS cont’d
Satellites
• Mainly used for television broadcasting, however
• May provide Internet access at low cost (??) with broadband
“bandwidth on demand” to very large number of users.
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Satellites and the Internet
Linking every home in the World to
the Internet through fibre optic
cable would cost $300 billion.
To do the same think with global
satellite coverage would cost
about $9 billion.”
FCC Commissioner Susan Ness
After Randy Katz, UC Berkeley
Applications:
• Desktop video conferencing
• Computer networking
• Tele- medical imaging
• CAD/ CAM transmission
• Distance learning
• Multimedia database/ digital library access
• High speed Internet access - direct- to- end- user
• Infrastructure on demand
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Size of the Satellite Market
•1997
– 1500 satellites of all types
– 700 Ku- band satellites
– 300 GEO satellites, representing over $18 Billion in
services & equipment
– As many satellites sold between 1995- 1997 as sold
throughout 1980s
– 44 Iridium satellites in orbit by end of year
•2003
– Satellite population to grow to 2000, $60 billion
– Shift to Ka- band
– 1078 planned satellites for 14 different s ystems
(mostly LEOs)
Source: Randy Katz
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Engineering
work in
the information society
Source: 1995 World Telecommunication
Development
Report
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Presentation Outline
• Elements of the revolution based on information
• The vision:
Information and communication - Information anytime , anywhere
Society - global village
Enterprise - global workbench
• Infrastructure for the information society
• Working in the information society:
* distributed work, teleworking
* fast response to change, collaboration
* abstract work, new on-line jobs
• New engineering paradigms and tools based on Internet
• Towards collaborative engineering
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Reshaping work
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Dramatic reduction in the cost and time of storing, processing and
transmitting information has a fundamental effect on the way
we organise the production and distribution of goods and services and, thereby,
on work itself.
Reshaping skill structures and the organisation of enterprises.
New industrial and enterprise culture characterised
by flexibility, trust, commitment and ability to anticipate and harness
changes required.
Fundamental change to the labour market, and to society as a whole.
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The facts: a new world of work
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Transformations from standardised manual production towards a more
diversified, knowledge based, production of goods and services.
"Flexible enterprises" more and more based on processes, less and less
on specialised functions. Workers perform a range of tasks, rather than
pass the job on from one to another.
Enterprises are being transformed from hierarchical and
complex organisations with simple jobs, to less hierarchical, more
decentralised and network-oriented organisations, with more complex jobs.
The new flexible enterprise has been described as a fleet of small boats,
moving on the same course, as opposed to an oil tanker steered from
a central point.
Engineering
work in the
society
Source: GREEN PAPER, LIVING AND
WORKING
INinformation
THE INFORMATION
SOCIETY:
PEOPLE FIRST, European Commission.
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New distribution of international labour
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The development of high speed networks and advanced services will
induce a new distribution of international labour.
Companies will no longer consider distance as a barrier to implement
subsidiaries or to start up new firms in other regions and countries.
It encourages outsourcing of jobs around the globe, including
white collar workers (e.g. software production in Asia).
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The first challenge: to build knowledge and raise awareness
of new forms of work organisation.
The second challenge: to ensure that SMEs take full advantage of the IS
Enormous potential for firms to become more competitive and to create
better working conditions.
It has particular advantages for SMEs, the key engines of employment
growth - and especially "microfirms" - since the whole concept is built on
the small unit, market-driven, decentralised and based on team working.
Engineering
work in the
society
Source: GREEN PAPER, LIVING AND
WORKING
INinformation
THE INFORMATION
SOCIETY:
PEOPLE FIRST, European Commission.
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Attributes of work in the IS
Re-engineering,
downsizing,
decentralisation,
flattening of hierarchies,
networking of self-directed firms,
total quality management,
part-time working and
teleworking
are all part of the same inevitable process of re-adjustment to a new environment.
distributed work, part-time work, short-term contracts
increased accessibility of work for all: women at home,
disabled people, people in remote locations.
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Effective, flexible organisation of work as a key competitive factor:
- fast response to change,
- free flow of ideas between enterprise departments.
Reduced waste and duplication of effort to increase cost effectiveness
and shortening production cycles.
Close collaboration with suppliers, buyers and even competitors to make
the productive ensemble more responsive market and technological changes.
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Flexibility changes affecting individual workers:
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functional flexibility leads to a wider range of skills or roles;
temporal flexibility leads to more contracts such as casual,
temporary or fixed term employment;
externalisation leads to more employment taking the form of freelance
or sub-contract work.
Telework is a good example of how information technologies both permit
and promote the new flexibility.
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New company structures..
...under increasing economic pressure are emerging.
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Companies are adapting their structures to become more competitive.
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They tend to be more and more organised as:
a network of processes and to be
decentralised, distributed,
collaborative (vital functions are outsourced to competitors,
to their mutual benefit), and
adaptive (shifting from products to services).
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Teleworking
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Teleworking in homes and satellite offices, so that commuters no longer need
to travel long distances to work. From there, they can connect electronically
to whatever professional environment they need, irrespective of the system in use.
• telecentre working (where an office is shared by several firms),
• distance group working, and
• teleservices provision as in telesecretariats, and telemaintenance.
•
•

Companies (both large and SMEs) and public administrations will benefit from
productivity gains, increased flexibility, cost savings.
For employees, more flexible working arrangements will be particularly beneficial
for all those tied to the home, and for people in remote locations the narrowing
of distances will help cohesion.
Decreased opportunities for social contact.
Labor legislation, and social security will have to be assessed.
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Teleworking cont’d
The main areas of potential application are in:
data and text processing,
programming,
writing,
editing,
translating,
marketing and training,
and research/consultancy activities.
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New types of jobs and forms of work
•
•
•
•
New information managers (using expertise about the contents of cyberspace
to provide knowledge rather than information);
Multimedia managers (people skilled in putting together information from
different sources and from different media so that messages can be put across);
Internet plumbers (people who provide troubleshooting services to firms and
individuals in setting up, using and adapting on-line services);
New educationalists - (people who can act as guides and coaches to the array
of information and learning material on-line).
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Working in the information society - Some conclusions
• Technologies are neither inherently good nor bad.
It is up to us to shape it into the forms which we desire.
•
•
•
•
•
New patterns of autonomous work to emerge based upon the on-line economy.
Work will become more abstract in nature.
Information work is brain work requiring conceptual and analytical skills
rather than being based on intuitive skills or physical actions.
It will be possible to bring work back to the home.
Very small firms (even self-employed people) can use the access to
the network to compete with firms that have the advantages of size.
Clearly, the challenge for all of us is to place an emphasis on developing
the positive aspects of the Information Society.
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Presentation Outline
• Elements of the revolution based on information
• The vision:
Information and communication - Information anytime , anywhere
Society - global village
Enterprise - global workbench
• Infrastructure for the information society
• Working in the information society:
* distributed work, teleworking
* fast response to change, collaboration
* abstract work, new on-line jobs
• New engineering paradigms and tools based on Internet
• Towards collaborative engineering
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Collaboration is one of the central requirements
for engineering
today
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Internet users in mlns
26.7
Compound Annual
Growth Rate = 113.1%
PC users
180 mlns in 1994
13.2
7.2
4.4
0.01 0.02 0.05 0.3
1984
1986
0.5
1988
1.3
2.4
1990
1992
1994
The Internet has doubled in size each year for the past decade.
Pekka Tarjanne, SG ITU, 1995
Source:
ITU World Telecommunication Indicators Database
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The WWW phenomenon
While the Internet doubles in size every 11 -12 months
the World Wide Web doubles every 53 days.
Source:
Alexander NTOKO,
Int.Telecommunication Union, 1996
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Traditional engineering paradigm






little or no information sharing,
a static organizational structure,
lack of cooperation among competitors,
vertical integration,
product focus, and
static passive infrastructure.
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A paradigm shift in engineering
• A competitive marketplace
• Fast and safe enterprise-wide engineering
• Efficiency and certain maturity of network technologies:
- Communication over the Internet, and corporate
Intranets is easy and inexpensive,
- Internet is rapidly integrated in a design
process by providing every member of
an engineering team an immediate access
to any required information through WWW
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Towards the
virtual (agile) model of engineering
 information sharing,
 collaboration among competitors,
 dynamic organizational structure,
 shared infrastructure,
 shared core competencies,
 focus on customers requirements.
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New technologies - new applications - new requirements
• Virtual design environments (tools over Internet)
• Collaborative virtual prototyping environments
• Tele-immersion
• Modelling over Internet
Due to a confluence of factors, engineering collaboration
integrating widely distributed teams becomes feasible.
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•Virtual design environments (tools over Internet)
• Configurable set of engineering tools distributed over Internet
or on enterprise Intranets.
• Easier sharable work
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Internet-wide IC design using
WELD Web-based Electronic System Design
http://www-cad.eecs.berkeley.edu/Respep/Research/weld/
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Three-tier architecture consisting of:
Tools or services that are made
available for network access
Services existing in the network
that assist various client/server activities
Users/programs who access
the network resources of the
system
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Synchronicitys Mission
To be the leading supplier of Web-Based Groupware for
the Management, Reuse, and Secure Distribution
of Electronic Design Information and Intellectual Property.
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Design Management Groupware (DMG)
product for collaborative design on the WWW
for engineering groups designing integrated circuits (ICs).
•
•
•
DesignSync HLD, developed to enable collaboration among local and
geographically dispersed design teams, improves efficiency, productivity and
communication of project information, while decreasing development
cycles and associated costs.
Secure, Web-based client/server architecture with configuration
management and revision/release control, as well as full user authentication,
data encryption and compression when sensitive design data is in transit.
DesignSync HDL dramatically simplifies project and user administration
while allowing project team members better communication and access to
crucial design data anytime, anywhere.
Source: Synchronicity - http://www.syncinc.com/
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•Collaborative virtual prototyping environments
•
Support teams with shared viewing environments in combination with
sophisticated communication tools.
They have a character of multi-user and multi-application
shared 3D environments.
•
3D objects "can be joined into one scene that can be viewed by different
users with independent or shared camera positions, enabling the distribution
of visualisation tasks between smaller, flexible and more specialised
applications".
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•Tele-immersion
•
•
•
•
•
•
Presents the high-end technology of virtual prototyping.
Will significantly change the research and engineering paradigms.
Engineers at widely dispersed places will be able to share a single
virtual environment.
They will be able to interact and communicate in real time.
Modelled objects may have molecular, physical or economic attributes.
Virtual prototypes can be: modelled, their designs reviewed, and evaluated.
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•Modelling over Internet
•
•
ProActiveM technology and Engineering Links for CAD/CAM/CAE domain
from Bentley.
Collaborative engineering based on Web with set of tools and technologies
extending the Web browsers with CAD capabilities.
• Active Models™ can run without re-compilation on all platforms,
and are indexed in the way facilitating their search.
•
•
ProActiveM is an object-oriented language, binary compatible on
Bentley platforms.
It's a superset of Java, thus it allows execution of Java programs
within Bentley's CAD software.
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Bentley Systems’ MicroStation Link embedded Web browser:
(a) provides full Web navigation-all capabilities without making users leave the CAD
system, and
(b) can be used to embed pointers to information related to the overall project.
Source: Regli97
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Presentation Outline
• Elements of the revolution based on information
• The vision:
Information and communication - Information anytime , anywhere
Society - global village
Enterprise - global workbench
• Infrastructure for the information society
• Working in the information society:
* distributed work, teleworking
* fast response to change, collaboration
* abstract work, new on-line jobs
• New engineering paradigms and tools based on Internet
•
Towards collaborative engineering
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Engineering work in the information society
- relevant notions
Keywords: information society, Internet-based collaborative engineering,
distributed engineering, network-based engineering, WWW technologies,
global engineering networks, tools over the Internet,
virtual design environments, digital engineering libraries, networks,
pan-European collaboration, standards.
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From the panel in Florence
Introduction
New model of engineering
Internet and WWW as enabling technologies
Towards collaborative engineering based on Web
CSCW - a discipline with a tradition
WWW in Internet-based collaboration
Engineering over WWW
New technologies and applications
Engineering libraries and services on Web
Collaborative engineering vs. reengineering
Standards for collaborative engineering
IT infrastructures
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New projects, e.g.
• MADEFAST had as a design objective an optical seeker
•
Radeo Program
• VELA targets an advanced multimedia processor chip
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Collaborative engineering
is an innovative method for product development which
integrates widely distributed engineers for virtual collaboration.
[Cutkosky, MADEFAST, Communicat. of the ACM, Sept. 1996]
shared eng. data
real-time communicat
interactivity
Objective: optical seeker
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Multidisciplinary engineers
Not co-located
Asynchronous Communications
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Engineering notebook
for personal
and shared design
information and
as a gateway
to tools and services
on the Internet
Source:
http://madefast.stanford.edu/ACM_paper.html
© Adam Pawlak
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Technology for collaborative engineering
• high performance workstations with advanced
visualisation and modelling software needed
for virtual prototyping,
• high speed networks, and
• appropriate standards including those for
product data representation, as well as
communication.
WWW as an universal, platform truly independent
interface to team members, tools, and libraries.
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Design of new systems on a chip is particularly well suited for new collaborative
engineering technologies. Designs exceeding 10 mlns of transistors per chip
would require hundreds of man-years effort if designed from scratch.
The viable strategies are those based extensively on re-use. Re-use crossing
the enterprise borders require however, new standards and solutions including
those for intellectual properties protection.
The recently announced CAD tools which are Web-based: project: SpecChart
Editor, JavaSIS - logic synthesis, and optimization; 's - groupware product
for the management, reuse, and secure distribution of electronic design information; '
s Design Exchange provides secure design collaboration environment for
geographically dispersed design teams; to name just a few.
These are first academic and industrial developments in putting the Internet and Web
into the engineering practice. Perhaps, it's worth to note, that all are stemming from the
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WWW-based collaborative engineering
•
•
WWW has been conceived as a support for collaboration among researchers
- asynchronous communication, electronic publishing
WWW requires:
• extensions of HTML and the HTTP protocols; content languages;
• navigation, annotation, and visualisation of complex engineering
objects; new types of "engineering" links;
• protection of intellectual properties ;
• indexing and retrieval of complex objects;
• collaboration-oriented developments in WWW browsers;
• engineering databases infrastructure for WWW.
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Strategic goal - global engineering networks
• "Working together through shared knowledge"
- original goals of the WWW [Tim Berners-Lee]
"Collaboration on the Web" talk , he stressed the need for
"sharing knowledge - with semantics ".
• A common understanding of engineering artifacts has to be
established.
• Internet-based engineering services will cluster into networks
specialized for a particular engineering domains, like DSP design,
mechanical and civil, or chemical engineering.
• All these engineering networks will provide access to specialized
libraries collecting domain-specific knowledge and expertise.
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Strategic goal - global engineering networks cont’d
Research and development is required:
• a systematisation of engineering knowledge,
• new methods and tools for acquisition, retrieval and representation
of engineering knowledge;
• new techniques and tools for engineering knowledge
capture/codification, and re-use.
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Virtual organizasations enabling net-based eng.
• Will become capable of faster change, i.e. enabling
dextrous design and production
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Towards the pan-European
collaborative engineering
• First successful examples of pan-European collaborative
engineering based on Internet.
•
Telework can contribute to a decreased brain drain and
fix in Europe groups of experts in specific domains.
• Is the awareness about the potential of the new
technologies for collaborative engineering equally
shared among the EU and CEE partners ?
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Benefits of Collaborative Engineering
• Core competency sharing through "platform of capability"
in the product development
• Product and process optimization with fewer iterations
• Rapid response to customer needs
• Cooperation and team responsibility for customer
defined opportunities
• Cost containment in experimenting with new designs
Source: US National Center for Excellence in Metalworking Technology
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References
[Regli97] Regli W., Internet - enabled Computer Aided Design,
Internet Computing, Jan-Feb. 1997
Internet2 Project - next generation Internet for research and education.
[IC97] Engineering meets the Internet: How will the new technology
affect engineering practice? Internet Computing, Jan-Feb. 1997.
[PCSWW97] Pawlak A., Cellary W., Smirnov A., Warzee X., Willis J.:
Collaborative Engineering based on Web - how far to go?, Advances in Information
Technologies: The Business Challenge, J.-Y. Roger et al. (Eds.) IOS Press, 1997.
TEN-34 Trans-European Network.
WELD: Web-based Electronic Design project at Univ. of California, Berkely.
[WETICE96] Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative
Enterprises, Workshop at Stanford, July 19-21 1996.
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