Transcript WH 15 The Age of Exploration

Age of Exploration
Vocabulary Exam: Monday, Jan. 12th
Ch. 14, sect. 1
1. Prince Henry
2. Cartographer
3. Vasco da Gama
4. Christopher
Columbus
5. Line of
Demarcation
6. Treaty of
Tordesillas
7. Ferdinand
Magellan
8. Circumnavigate
Ch. 14, sect. 2
Ch. 14, sect. 3
9. Plantation
10. Missionary
11. Monopoly
12. Cape Town
13. Boers
14. Dutch East India
Company
15. Philippines
Vocabulary Exam: Friday, Jan. 16th
Ch. 15, sect. 2
Ch. 15, sect. 3
Ch. 15, sect. 4
Ch. 15, sect. 5
1. Encomienda
2. Peon
3. Peninsular
4. Creole
5. Mestizo
6. Mulatto
7. privateer
8. Pilgrims
9. French and
Indian War
10. Treaty of
Paris
11. Olaudah
Equiano
12. Triangular
Trade
13. Middle
Passage
14. mutiny
15. Columbian
Exchange
16. Inflation
17. Capitalism
18. Entrepreneur
19. Mercantilism
20. tariff
Writing Assignment
■Read “Vasco da
Gama”
■Write: Complete the
prompts using
complete sentences.
Group Posters
Impact of European
Discovery
The Impact of the Age of Exploration
Group presentation directions:
–Each group will be assigned one of 9 major
effects of European exploration
■ –Read the placard information and complete
3 tasks as a group for your posters:
■ •Create a summary for the placard that
completes this Title sentence “The Age of
Exploration impacted ___ because…”
■ •Create a visual for your summary
■ •Prepare to present
Posters
1. Asian Trade
2. Nationalism
3. Capitalism
4. Mercantilism
5. Columbian
Exchange
6. Colonies
and
Plantations
7. Disease
8. Slavery
9. Christianity
1. Asian Trade
■Led by Prince Henry, “the Navigator”, the Portuguese
were the first Europeans to explore the west coast of
Africa, to sail around the southern tip of Africa and
finally, the first to reach India.
■The Portuguese seized trading ports in India and in the
Spice Islands. They fought the Muslim merchants who
had control of the ports. The prices of Asian goods like
spices and fabrics dropped, and more people in Europe
could afford to buy them.
■Not only did Portuguese sailors bring back spices and
goods from the Indian Ocean (cinnamon, pepper,
porcelain, jewels and silk) but they also brought slavery
to their colony of Brazil.
2. Nationalism
■The explorations and conquests of the
conquistadors transformed Spain. The Spanish rapidly
expanded foreign trade and overseas colonization.
For a time, wealth from the Americas made Spain one
of the world’s richest and most powerful nations. At
the height of Spain’s power it was ruled by Philip II.
■In the long run, gold and silver from the Americas
hurt Spain’s economy. Inflation, or an increase in the
supply of money compared to goods, led to higher
prices. Monarchs and the wealthy spent their riches
wastefully instead of building up Spain’s industries.
3. Capitalism
■The voyages of explorers had a dramatic impact on
European trade. As a result, more goods, raw materials
and precious metals entered Europe. New trade centers
developed, especially in the Netherlands and England.
■Exploration and trade led to the growth of capitalism.
This system is based on investing money for profit.
Merchants gained great wealth by trading and selling
goods from around the world. They then could use their
profits to finance other voyages and to start trading
companies. Other people began investing money in
these companies and shared in the profits as well.
4. Mercantilism
■European nations developed a new economic policy called
mercantilism. Kings believed that wealth was the best way
to build their countries’ power. They tried to reduce the
things that bought from other countries and increase items
sold.
■Having colonies was a key part of this policy. Nations
expected colonies to supply raw materials for their
industries. They could also make more money by selling
finished goods to their colonies.
■As a result, a “triangular trade” developed: manufactured
goods were made in the mother country, raw materials
were produced in the colonies, and slaves from Africa were
brought to the colonies to produce raw materials.
5. Columbian Exchange
•Early Spanish explorations were important because it led to
knowledge of the existence of the Americas and the creation
of colonies in the “New World”.
•The Spanish gained great wealth, and crops began to be
exchanged with the “Old World” of Europe. The introduction
of Europeans plants, animals, and diseases in America and
the introduction of American crops into Europe became know
as the Columbian Exchange
•This diffusion of
“Old World” and
“New World” products
changed world history.
6. Colonies and Plantations
■During the 1500s, Portugal began to establish colonies
in Brazil which greatly impacted the native people. The
Portuguese tried to get them to give up their religion and
convert to Christianity. They also forced them to work on
sugar plantations. Missionaries sometimes tried to
protect them from abuse, but countless numbers died
from overwork and European diseases.
■The colonization of Brazil also had an impact on Africa.
As the native population decreased, the Portuguese
needed more laborers. Starting in the mid 1500s, for over
300 years, they brought millions of enslaved West
Africans to Brazil.
7. Disease
•To explore and conquer “New Spain,” the Spanish
turned to men called conquistadors (conquerors). The
conquistadors were allowed to establish settlements
and seize the wealth of natives. This led to conquering
of the Aztecs by Cortes and the Inca by Pizarro.
•When conquistadors arrived they brought with them
their horses, armor and guns, which helped them in
battle. But more deadly for the natives were the deadly
epidemic diseases that the Europeans carried. Millions
of natives died from diseases. For example in Mexico,
there were about 25 million native people in 1519. By
1605, this number had dwindled to 1 million.
8. Slavery
■When native populations were wiped out because
of overwork and disease, both the Spanish and
Portuguese began to import slaves from the west
coast of Africa. Over the next 300 years millions of
slaves would be taken across the Atlantic Ocean.
■The journey across the Atlantic was grueling and
deadly. The Middle Passage is the name given to the
journey of African slaves to the Americas.
■Once slaves arrived in the New World they were
forced to work in harsh conditions on plantations
growing sugar and indigo and work in gold and silver
mines.
9. Christianity
■One of the impacts of exploration on the
Americas was the introduction of Christianity. The
Spanish conquistadors were accompanied by
Catholic missionaries looking to spread
Catholicism.
■Some natives were forced to convert by the
Spanish that were looking to win converts as a way
to fight against the Protestant Reformation. The
fierce competition of European nations during the
time period was not limited to wealth and power,
but included religion as well.
European Age of
Exploration
■Essential Question:
–What factors encouraged the
European Age of Exploration?
•What were 2 effects of exploration?
•How did gov’t change because of the
Renaissance & Age of Exploration?
•How did world history change by the
end of the 1450-1750 periodization?
From the 1400s to the 1700s, Europe experienced
an “Age of Exploration”
The Renaissance encouraged
curiosity & a desire for trade
Motivations:
Why did Europeans want to explore?
As a result of exploration, European
nations grew powerful & spread their
influence throughout the world
Gold (Money)
lookingoffor
quick,was
direct
AMerchants
desire for began
new sources
wealth
the
trade
to avoidexploration
Muslim &
main routes
reasonto
forAsia
European
Italian merchants & increase profits
The Crusades & Renaissance
stimulated European desires
for exotic Asian luxury goods
Glory
Kings
sponsored
voyages
of exploration
Thewho
Renaissance
inspired
new
possibilities
gained overseas
colonies,
new sources of
for power
& prestige
wealth for their nation, & increased power
Exploration presented Europeans
the opportunity to rise from poverty
and gain fame, fortune, & status
God
European Christians, especially Catholics,
wanted to stop the spread of Islam &
convert non-Christians to the faith
Explorers were encouraged to
spread Christianity or bring
missionaries who would focus
only on conversions
Means:
The
Age
of
Exploration
How were explorers able to sail
so far & make it back again?
Before the Renaissance, sailors did not have the
technology to sail very far from Europe & return
Navigation
Trade & cultural diffusion during the Renaissance
introduced new navigation techniques to Europeans
Astrolabe
used stars
were more accurate
Magnetic compass
made Maps
to show
and
direction
used longitude & latitude
sailing more accurate
European shipbuilders built a better ship;
The caravel was a strong ship that could travel
in the open seas & in shallow water
Caravels had
triangular lateen
sails that allowed
ships to sail
against the wind
A moveable
rudder made
Cannons & rifles
the caravel more
gave ships protection maneuverable
Who were
theAge
explorers,
where did they go,
The
of Exploration
& how did they change world history?
Europeans were not the first to explore
the oceans in search of new trade routes
Islamic merchants explored the Indian Ocean
& had dominated the Asian spice trade for
centuries before European exploration
Early Exploration
From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He led
the Chinese treasure fleet on
7 expeditions to SE Asia, India, &
Africa during the Ming Dynasty
But in the late 1400s, the European sailors did
what neither Muslim nor Chinese explorers could:
Begin global (not regional) exploration &
create colonies to increase their wealth & power
In Portugal, Prince Henry the
Navigator started a school of
navigation to train sailors
He brought in Europe’s best
map-makers, ship-builders,
& sailing instructors
He wanted to
discover new
territories,
find a quick
trade route to
Asia, & expand
Portugal’s
power
Portugal was the
early leader in the
Age of Exploration
Prince Henry’s navigation school & willingness
to fund voyages led the Portuguese to be the
1st to explore the west coast of Africa
Vasco da Gama was
the 1st explorer to
find a direct trade
route to Asia by
going around Africa
to get to India
Portugal gained a
sea route to Asia
that brought them
great wealth
During the Age of
Exploration, Portugal
created colonies along the
African coast, in Brazil, &
the Spice Islands in Asia
The Spanish government
saw Portugal’s wealth &
did not want to be left out
More than any other
European monarch,
Ferdinand & Isabella
of Spain sponsored &
supported overseas
expeditions
Like most educated men of Columbus reached the
the Renaissance, Columbus Bahamas in America
believed the world was
but thought that he
round & thought he could had reached islands off
reach Asia by sailing west
the coast of India
He made 4 trips to
“India” never knowing
he was in “America”
Despite the fact that
Magellan became the
Columbus never found
first explorer to
Asia, Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigate the Earth
still thought he could
(go all the way around)
reach Asia by sailing West
During the
Age of Exploration,
Spain created colonies in
North & South America
Spain sent explorers called conquistadors
to the New World to find gold, claim land,
& spread Christianity
Cortes
conquered
the Aztecs
Pizarro
conquered
Thethe
influx
Incaof gold from
America made Spain the
most powerful country
in Europe during the
early years of the
Age of Exploration
England, France, & the Netherlands became involved
in overseas exploration & colonization as well
After failing to do so,
Champlain founded the
French colony of Quebec
The
French
explorer
Samuel
de
Champlain
Thesearched
French would
soon
carve
out
a
large
colony
along
Canada
for
a
northwest
passage
to
Asia
the Mississippi River from Canada to New Orleans
Unlike other
European nations
whose kings paid
for colonies, the
English colonies
were paid for
by citizens who
formed jointstock companies
English colonies
formed along the
Atlantic Coast of
North America by
colonists motivated
either by religion
or wealth
The English explorer James Cook was
the first European to make contact with
Australia, New Zealand, & Hawaii
Like England, the
The Dutch had colonies in
Netherlands (the Dutch) America & Africa, but the
allowed private companies Dutch East India Company
to fund exploration
dominated trade in Asia
Conclusions
As a result of the Age of Exploration, European
knowledge & influence of the world increased greatly