Transcript Protocols used in NM - Test Page for Apache Installation

Overview of
Network
Management
Outline
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Describe responsibilities of a network manager
Define network management vocabulary
Discuss network management principles
Provide an example of network management
implementation
Identify new network management approaches
The evolution of network management
Common Network Problems
Loss of connectivity (Link, Node, Interface)
 Duplicate IP address (Procedural)
 Intermittent (間歇的) problems
 Network configuration issues
 Performance problems
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Network Management (NM)
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Goal
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To ensure that network users receive IT services with the quality of service
(QoS) that they expect
Maintenance
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Network performance
Failures (hardware and software)
 Network capacity
 Security
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Certifications
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CAN (Novell’s Certified Netware Administrator)
MCP (Microsoft’s Certified Professional)
CNE (Novell’s Certified Netware Engineer)
 MCSE (Microsoft Certified System Engineer)
Top-down View of NM functions
Netw ork
Management
Netw ork
Provisioning
Netw ork
Operations
Netw ork
Maintenance
Planning
Fault Management / Service Restoration
Fault Management
Design
Conf iguration Management
Trouble Ticket
Administration
Performance Management / Traf f ic Management
Netw ork Installation
Security Management
Netw ork Repairs
Accounting Management
Reports Management
Facilities Installation
& Maintenance
Routine Netw ork
Inventory Management
Tests
Data Gathering & Analyses
Figure 1.21 Network Management Functional Groupings
Network-Based Management
SNMP: Simple Network Management
Protocol (RFC1157)
 MIBs: Management Information Base
 NMS: Network management system
 RMON1: Remote Monitor (RMON1)
 RFCs: Request for Comments
 IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
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Network Management
Vocabulary
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Network Management System (NMS)
 Consisting
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Management Station
 Managing
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of applications
device - management software (NMS)
Management Agent
 Managed
device – computer, hub, router, or switch
NMS
Management Agent
Management Station
Network Management
Vocabulary (cont.)
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Mgmt (Management) process
 Service management application
programs
 Provide an interface to the network
management protocol, e.g, SNMP
Agent process
 An integrator of processes that
access information requested by a
network management application
 An interface to the network
management protocol
 Collect the values of a specified set
of variables when a request is made
by the Management Station
 The virtual store of such values is
called the Management Information
Base (MIB), actually maintained by
the managed device
Mgmt
App
Mgmt
Process
Mgmt
Protocol
Agent
Process
Agent
Protocol
Presentation
Presentation
Session
Session
Transport
Transport
Network
Network
Data Link
Data Link
Physical
Physical
Management Station
Management Agent
Figure 2-2: Protocol Stacks on the Management Station and the
Management Agent
A Network Management
Example
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The management application calls for the service of the management process
The management process calls the program that implements the network
management protocol, e.g., SNMP
The network management protocol implementation constructs a request packet,
which is sent to the management agent
The implementation of the network management protocol on the management agent
causes the request packet to be passed to the agent process
The agent process accesses the value of the requested variable and passes it to the
implementation of the network management protocol
The network management protocol constructs the response packet, which is sent to
the management station
The implementation of the network management protocol at the management station
receives the response packet and passes it to the management process
The management process either passes the value to the application program, or
stores it in memory for later retrieval
Network Management
Vocabulary (cont.)
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Trap
 The
management agent send unsolicited messages
to the management station
 E.g., a device goes from powered-up to the powereddown state
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Probe (remote monitors, RMON)
 Monitor
traffic on the network segment, not a
particular device
 The management agent thus is remote from the
devices it is monitoring
Evolution of Network
Management
DATE
EVENT
REFERENCE
1968
ARPA funds development of packet switching
networks
1. RFC 1120 Internet Activities Board. V.
Cerf. Sep-01-1989. (Obsoleted by RFC 1160)
2. RFC 1160 Internet Activities Board. V.
Cerf. May-01-1990. (Obsoletes RFC 1120)
1974
TCP/IP concept proposed
Cerf V., and R. Kahn, "A Protocol for Packet
Network Interconnection", IEEE Trans. on
Communications, Vol. COM-22, No. 5, pp.
637-648, May 1974.
[Ref 26]
1976
Ethernet Developed
Metcalfe, R., and D. Boggs, "Ethernet:
Distributed Packet for Local Computer
Networks", Communications of the ACM, Vol.
19, No. 7, pp. 395-404, July 1976.
1978
OSI Reference Model Development Initiated
1983
OSI Reference Model becomes international standard
ISO/IEC 7498 (CCITT X.200) [Ref 1]
1987
SGMP development started
ASN.1 developed
[Ref 24]
ISO 8824, Parts 1-4
Evolution of Network
Management (cont.)
1988
IAB initiates study of SGMP and CMIP
SNMPv1 becomes Interim Draft Standard
SNMPv1 becomes Draft Standard
IAB initiates development of Internet Standard
Network Management Framework (SMI)
Draft Standard MIB I developed
Interim RFC 1028 (SNMPv1)
Draft RFC 1098 (SNMPv1)
Draft RFC 1065 (SMI)
Draft RFC 1066 (MIB I) [Ref 10]
1989
CMOT approach abandoned
SNMP becomes the defacto standard for TCP/IP
management
1990
SMI becomes Recommended Standard
SNMPv1 becomes Recommended Standard
MIB I becomes Recommended Standard
RFC 1155 (SMI)
RFC 1157 (SNMP)
RFC 1156 (MIB I)
MIB II
RMON1
RFC 1213 (MIB II)
RFC 1271 (RMON I) [Ref 12]
1991
[Ref 3]
[Ref 11]
Evolution of Network
Management (cont.)
1993
SNMPv2 Proposed
SNMPv2 Security
SNMPv2 MIB
SNMPv2 SMI
RFC 1441(SNMPv2 Management
Framework
RFC 1446(SNMPv2 Security Protocols
RFC 1450 (SNMPv2 MIB)
RFC 1442 SNMPv2 Structure of
Management Information
1995
RMON I
RFC 1757 [Ref 13]
1997
RMON II
RFC2021
1998
Desktop Management Interface (DMI)
Specification v 2.0s
1.
2.
Web-based Management Initiative
http://www.dmtf.org/standards/standard_w
bem.php
1999
SNMPv2 Management Frameworks
SNMPv3 Security
RFC 2571
RFC 2574 (User-based Security Model)
2002
SNMP Management Frameworks
SNMPv3 Security
RFC 3411, STD 62
RFC 3414 (User-based Security Model),
STD 62
RFC 3415 (View-based Access Control
Model), STD 62
RFC 3418, STD 62
SNMP VACM
SNMP MIB
http://www.dmtf.org/sped/dmis
Network Computing, Feb 2001, p57
2004
Web
Based
Mgmt
2000
SNMPv3
DMI
RMON 2
1996
SNMPv2 MIB
SNMPv2
RMON 1
1992
MIB 2
CMOT
SGMP & CMIP
SNMPv1
SMI
MIB1
1988
SGMP
1984
OSI
Reference
Model
Development
1980
Ethernet
1976
TCP/IP
1972
1968
1964
Packet Switching
(ARPA)
Evolution of Network Management
Technologies