Transcript European Exploration, Trade, and the Clash of the

From the 1400s to the 1600s,
Europeans ventured out to
explore what was to them the
unknown world in an effort to
reap the profits of trade and
colonization.
Objective 1
Beginning in the 1400s,
Europeans set forth in a
great wave of exploration
and trade.
Objective 1
Beginning in
the 1400s,
Europeans
set forth in a
great wave of
exploration
and trade.
Objective 2
European Motivations
A.
B.
C.
Muslims controlled many trade routes.
Profit through trade in goods such as
gold, silver, silks, sugar, and spices.
Spread of Christianity: missionaries,
Bartolome de las Casas speaks out
against enslavement and mistreatment
of native peoples
Objective 2A
European Motivations
First, eastern
middlemen,
mainly Muslims,
controlled the
overland trade
routes from Asia
to Europe.
Objective 2B
European Motivations
Profit through
trade in goods
such as gold,
silver, silks, sugar,
and spices.
Objective 2B
European Motivations
Using all water
routes to Asia
Objective 2C
European Motivations
Spread of Christianity
Objective 3
Geography of the spice trade
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Moluccas, also known as the
“Spice Islands”: part of present-day
Indonesia
Locate the region known as Indochina,
the Malay Peninsula, the Philippines.
Definition of “archipelago”
“Ring of Fire”: earthquakes and
volcanic activity
Objective 3
Geography of the spice trade
A. The Moluccas, also known as the “Spice Islands”: part
of present-day Indonesia
Objective 3
Geography of
the spice
trade
B. Locate the region
known as
Indochina, the
Malay Peninsula,
the Philippines.
Objective 3
Geography of the spice
trade
C. Define archipelago
- A series of many islands
Objective 3
Geography of the spice trade
D. “Ring of Fire”: earthquakes and volcanic
activity WRONG
ONE!!
Objective 4
European exploration,
trade, and colonization
A.
B.
C.
D.
Portugal
Spain
England and France
Holland (The Netherlands)
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
A. Portugal
Prince Henry the
Navigator-
Prince Henry 1394-1460
• Prince Henry established
a school for the study of
navigation, mapmaking,
and shipbuilding in 1420.
• His goal was to find a
route to the rich spice
trade of the Indies and to
explore the west coast of
Africa.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Finding a Water Route to Asia
Designing New Ships
• The ships of the day were too slow and too
heavy to make long ocean voyages.
• Under Prince Henry’s direction, a new and
lighter ship was developed, the caravel, which
would allow sea captains to sail further and
faster.
Caravels
• The caravel was an improvement on older
ships because it could sail very fast and also
sail well into the wind.
• Caravels had 2 or 3 masts with square sails or
triangular sails.
• They were up to about 65 feet long and could
carry roughly 130 tons of cargo.
Exploring the Coast of Africa
• During the two-year period from 1444 to
1446, Prince Henry intensified the
exploration of Africa, sending between
30 and 40 of his ships on missions.
• The last voyage sponsored by Prince
Henry sailed over 1,500 miles down the
African coast.
A Lasting Legacy
• Although Prince Henry never sailed
on the expeditions, the voyages that
he paid for in the mid-1400s helped
launch Portugal into the front of the
race to find a sea route to the Indies.
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
A. Portugal
Bartolomeu Dias
Bartolomeu Dias 1487-1488
• Bartolomeu Dias became the first to sail all
the way around the southern tip of Africa to
the Cape of Good Hope.
• His ship was battered by fierce storms, his
sailors grew hungry, sick, and frightened.
• Dias wanted to sail to India, but his sailors
made him return to Portugal.
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
A. Portugal
Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama 1497-1499
• Almost 10 years after Dias reached the tip of
Africa, Vasco da Gama sailed around the Cape
of Good Hope to India.
• He took four ships and 170 men.
• He sailed back to Portugal with his ship full of
spices but only returned with 55 of his sailors.
• Da Gama finally found a sea route to Asia.
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
A. Portugal
East African
Swahili City-States
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
A. Portugal
Pedro Cabral
Claims Brazil
Objective 4
European
Exploration,
trade, and
colonization
B. Spain
Christopher
Columbus and the
Tainos
He sailed from Spain in 1492 with three
ships, the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa
Maria.
Objective 4
European
Exploration,
trade, and
colonization
B. Spain
Christopher
Columbus -sent
home
Objective 4
European
Exploration,
trade, and
colonization
B. Spain
Bartolome de las
Casas
Objective 4
European Exploration, trade, and colonization
B. Spain - Treaty of Tordesillas
Objective 4
European
Exploration,
trade, and
colonization
B. Spain
Vasco Nunez de
Balboa
Objective 4
European
Exploration,
trade, and
colonization
B. Spain
Magellan and the
Circumnavigation
of the Globe
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
C. England and
France
Search for
the
Northwest
Passage
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
C. England and
France
John Cabot
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
C. England and
France
Samuel de
Champlain
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
C. England and
France
Henry Hudson
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
C. England and
France
English
Colonies in
North
America
Objective 4
European Establishment
of the
exploration,
Thirteen
trade, and
English
colonization
C. England and
France
Colonies in
North America
Objective 4
Establishment
of the
Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North America
Virginia
Objective 4
Establishment
of the Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North America
Massachusetts
Bay
Objective 4
Establishment of
the Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North America
New
Hampshire
Objective 4
Establishment
of the
Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North America
Maryland
Objective 4
Establishment
of the
Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North America
Rhode Island
Objective 4
Establishment
of the
Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North America
Connecticut
Objective 4
Establishment
of the
Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North America
North and
South
Carolina
Objective 4
Establishment
of the
Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North
America
New York
Objective 4
Establishment
of the
Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North
America
New Jersey
Objective 4
Establishment
of the
Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North
America
Pennsylvania
Objective 4
Establishment
of the
Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North
America
Delaware
Objective 4
Establishment
of the
Thirteen
English
Colonies in
North
America
Georgia
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
C. England and
France
English
Colonies in
the West
Indies
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
C. England and
France
French
Colonies in
North
America
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
C. England and
France
French
Colonies in
the West
Indies
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
C. England and
France
Trading Posts
in India
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
D. Holland (The
Netherlands)
The Portuguese may have
been the first to seek out the
maritime route to Asia, but
inadequate finances, the
unprecedented novelty of
their enterprise, and
aggressive competition from
other countries made it
difficult for the Portuguese to
hold on to their advantages.
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
D. Holland (The
Netherlands)
Dutch versus
Portuguese in
Africa and the
East Indies
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
D. Holland (The
Netherlands)
Cape Colony
and South
Africa
Objective 4
European
exploration,
trade, and
colonization
D. Holland (The
Netherlands)
New
Netherland
Objective 5
The sugar trade
A. African slaves on Portuguese sugar
plantations on islands off West
African coast, such as Sao Tome
B. Sugar plantations on Caribbean
islands
C. West Indies: Cuba, Puerto Rico, The
Bahamas, Dominican Republic,
Haiti, Jamaica
Objective 5
The sugar trade
A. African slaves on
Portuguese sugar
plantations on islands off
West African coast, such as
Sao Tome
Objective 5
The sugar trade
B. Sugar plantations on
Caribbean islands
Objective 5
The sugar trade
C. West Indies: Cuba, Puerto
Rico, The Bahamas,
Dominican Republic, Haiti,
Jamaica
Objective 6
Transatlantic slave trade:
the “triangular trade” from
Europe to Africa to
colonies in the Caribbean
and the Americas
A. The “Slave Coast” in West Africa
B. The Middle Passage
Objective 6
Transatlantic slave trade:
the “triangular trade” from
Europe to Africa to
colonies in the Caribbean
and the Americas
A. The “Slave Coast” in West Africa
Objective 6
Transatlantic slave trade:
the “triangular trade” from
Europe to Africa to
colonies in the Caribbean
and the Americas
B. The Middle Passage