Transcript Document
Ambient Networks: Mobile Communication Beyond 3G Guest lecture in the course Distributed Systems Uppsala University 2006-12-05 Anders Gunnar Swedish Institute of Computer Science [email protected] WWI – Ambient Networks The Network Vision Services and Applications New air interface Download channel Return channel DAB DVB : IP based core network Networked services cellular GSM WLAN IMT-2000 UMTS Edge networks WWI – Ambient Networks Wireline xDSL Bluetooth, IR, UWB, Mesh Sensor, M2M, Dust 2 Ambient Networks Strategic Objectives Scalable & Affordable networking supporting the dynamics of wireless access Provide rich & easy to use communication services for all in a cost effective manner Increase competition and dynamic cooperation of various players Allow incremental market introduction of new technologies WWI – Ambient Networks 3 Network Challenges in the Wireless World Heterogeneity Terminal =========== PANs Vertical =========== Horizontal layering Network intelligence ==Edge Cellular vs. IP Multi-service, - operator, - access Affordability User in the centre Trust Model Always connected WWI – Ambient Networks 4 Outline The Ambient Networks Concept Components of the Architecture Technical Solutions • Node ID Architecture Project organisation • Project Partners • Timeline • Organisation Summary WWI – Ambient Networks 5 The Ambient Networks Concept WWI – Ambient Networks 6 Requirements posed on the AN Architecture 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Heterogeneous Networks Mobility Composition Security and Privacy Backward Compatibility and Migration Network Robustness and Fault Tolerance Quality of Service Multi-Domain Support Accountability Context Communications Extensibility of the Network Services Provided Application Innovation and Usability WWI – Ambient Networks 7 The Ambient Networks Idea Ambient Networks: - Common Control Services - Networks at the edge - Auto-configuration - Scalability Services Services Services Ambient Control Space Ambient Connectivity Corporate Fixed WLAN 4G LTE 3G PAN VAN WWI – Ambient Networks 8 The Ambient Control Space Ambient Service Interface Ambient Control Space Ambient Network Interface Context Information Advanced Mobility Management Ambient Connectivity Agreement Establishment WWI – Ambient Networks Multi-Radio Resource Management Overlay Ambient Support Resource Layer Interface P2P Management Ambient Network Interface Security 9 Framework Functions Concurrently operating functions communicate through messages Logically centralized registry for information aggregation and dissemination Conflict resolution and consistency maintenance WWI – Ambient Networks Ambient Service Interface Context Information Ambient Network Interface Routing Group Information Resource Conflict Ambient Registry Resolution Connectivity Agreement Establishment Message Passing Ambient Resource Interface Traffic Engineering Multi-Radio Resource Management Overlay Support Layer Naming 10 Realisation Architecture of the Ambient Control Space Ambient Applications ASI Bearer & Overlay Management Comp. Agreem. --------Policy & AAA To other ANs CIB -----------Resource Registry Composition Management ANI Flow Management & MRRM INQA & SLA Management Composition Agreement Negotiation Triggers / Advertisements configure Onode Mobility Management Active Sets Composition Coordination Network Management Trigger & Context Management Security domain Management Connectivity Mgmt Generic Link Layer ARI Ambient Connectivity WWI – Ambient Networks 11 Composition Concepts A network composition is the negotiation and the realization of a cooperation agreement among diverse Ambient Networks. Composed Ambient Networks cooperate, and appear as a single Ambient Network to the outside. The composition procedure is typically plug&play. WWI – Ambient Networks 12 Composition Networking Example 1 Ambient Networks composing to form an ad-hoc AN scenario, flat composition PAN PAN PAN WWI – Ambient Networks 13 Composition Networking Example 2 PANs compose with a moving network which provides connectivity to a cellular network Cell. Train PAN WWI – Ambient Networks PAN 14 Composition Networking Example 3 Customers can roam into networks where operators have made no agreements before Op 1 PAN WWI – Ambient Networks Op 2 PAN 15 AN bootstrapping Ambient Network Node (ANN) • Embodies one or more Functional Entities of the ACS • It is required to implement a basic ACS, which encompasses a basic set of Functional Entities including plug&play management, basic security (incl. ID management), and continuous connectivity • Exposes a basic ANI to allow communication inside the cluster of ANNs Bootstrapping Ambient Network (AN) • Embodies all mandatory Functional Entities of the ACS (a minimum ACS) • “Composition” is a mandatory Functional Entity, which also contains the necessary AN-ID used to identify the legal entities in a Composition Agreement • Exposes a minimum ANI • An AN is required to implement a minimum ACS and a minimum ANI, but not limited to it Composition WWI – Ambient Networks 16 Bootstrapping/Composition Composed AN AN AN ID ANN ANN ANN ID ANN ID ANN ANN ANN Basic ANI Basic ANI ID ANN ANI WWI – Ambient Networks 17 Composition Processes and Procedures The process of Ambient Network Composition can be applied recursively. Composed network may compose again. An Ambient Networks may take part multiple different composed networks concurrently. Three basic phases Attachment Agreement negotiation Agreement implementation and maintenance Procedures of composition identified so far: Composition creation/ extension Composition Agreement modification Decomposition WWI – Ambient Networks 18 The Node ID Architecture WWI – Ambient Networks 19 Goals for the Node ID Architecture Working across heterogeneous domains Treat dynamic changes in a scalable manner A consistent architecture Make technologies, address domains and middleboxes first-order components of the architecture Support privacy, denial-of-service protection, and an always-on security model Strong incentives for migration and deployment Significant benefits for adopters even during partial deployment WWI – Ambient Networks 20 Node ID Architecture Overview Applications Transport OLD Old assumptions: IP •Point-point connectivity •Trusted environment •No mobility •No multi-homing •Best effort L2 L1 Applications Transport New assumptions: NEW Node ID IPvX/L3 •Multi-point connectivity •Untrusted environment •Mobility •Multi-homing •QoS L2 L1 WWI – Ambient Networks 21 Node ID Arcitecture Details The key design elements of the node ID architecture are Independent LDs Reliance on self-managed, cryptographic NIDs Hybrid routing (locator+NID) Router referrals to avoid a single administration NID-based e2e security, privacy, and DoSprotection Integrated local, e2e and network mobility WWI – Ambient Networks 22 Security Initial handshake (~ HIP) provides an always-on security model; subsequent packets are protected The handshake also has basic DoS protection Additionally, nodes can manage their NIDs and NID routers in a Hi3-like manner to provide networkbased DoS protection NIDs can be changed on the fly for privacy reasons, and NID routers provide location privacy WWI – Ambient Networks 23 Assumption 1 The network consists of individual Locator Domains (LDs) LD is one routing domain using (a) the same locator namespace and (b) consistent routing system Within an LD nodes can freely communicate, without relying on external mechanisms For simplicity think of AN=LD WWI – Ambient Networks 24 Assumption 2 Connectivity between LDs is dynamic Routing changes, multi-homing or mobility events of nodes or networks We assume that there exists a stable core and mobility occurs at the edge Core network LD5 LD2 LD6 LD7 LD8 WWI – Ambient Networks LD1 LD10 LD9 LD3 LD11 LD12 LD4 LD13 25 Assumption 3 No distinction between hosts and routers Traditional hosts can become routers, such as when a phone becomes the router for a PAN attached to the phone Servers that act as forwarding agents for mobility purposes WWI – Ambient Networks 26 Hybrid Routing We have routing on the LD internally (e.g. OSPF) as well as routing on NIDs by the NID routers This allows us to benefit from internal routing and scales better Still, handling NID routing in a completely free form topology would be challenging As a result, we assume a core and default routes up; a tree-like structure emerges Different routing problems in (a) edge trees (b) core Use a routing hint to reduce routing state: A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node ID is known!? WWI – Ambient Networks 27 The Routing Hint A hint to somewhere where the location of a Node ID is known!? IPv4 Header Destination = NR3 Node ID Header Destination NID = A Destination NR = NR4 WWI – Ambient Networks ESP Payload ... ... 28 Establishing connectivity DNS/Naming Resolution X •A.LD1.com Lookup (default path) •NID_A •NID_NR3 CN Core NID router lookup service (DHT, table…) NR 3 NR 1 LD 3 NR 4 LD 4 NR 6 LD 6 B LD 1 NR 2 NR 5 LD 2 LD 5 A The Node ID architecture so far WWI – Ambient Networks 29 Mobility and Multi-homing Integrates local mobility, end-to-end mobility, and network mobility Even makes network-based multi-homing possible (a) (b) B A A (c) B A A A WWI – Ambient Networks B A 30 Routing Enhancements Route on LD_ID’s instead of NID’s Enable use of multiple paths to core Capability aware routing Registration vs new routing protocol Disconnected operation WWI – Ambient Networks 31 Project Organisation WWI – Ambient Networks 32 Project Partners Ericsson KTH SICS TeliaSonera Elisa Ericsson Nokia VTT Telenor BT Lucent NEC Roke Manor Research UCL Univ. of Surrey Vodafone Univ.of Ottawa Concordia Univ. TNO AGH University Siemens ANF Data France Telecom Nortel Critical Software INESC Porto Telefonica Univ. of Cantabria Alcatel DaimlerChrysler DoCoMo Eurolab Ericsson Fraunhofer FOKUS Lucent RWTH Aachen University Siemens TU Berlin Budapest University Ericsson Siemens Austria CFR Siemens Mobile Vodafone Greece NICTA Univ.of South Wales Financed by the European Commission (50%) Budget: 20 000 000 EURO WWI – Ambient Networks 33 Timeline of the Project Phase Phase 1 1 Phase Phase 2 2 Phase Phase 33 Work-Areas Establishing the Establishing the AmbientNetworks Ambient Networks Concept and Concept andits its Feasibility Feasibility I: Concepts and Architecture Concepts & Architecture Design Architecture: Scalability, Evolvability Feasibility, Functions of AN Control Space Detailed Specification, Technical Development, Performance Optimisation for Performance and Deployment Business Interfaces Market Dissemination II: Key Technical Problems III: Business Interfaces and Commercial Viability IV: Prototyping and Validation Business Feasibility Usability/Networks Test Cases WWI – Ambient Networks Technology Technology Development Development Usability/Networks Prototypes System Synthesis System Synthesis Architecture, Standards Integration across WWI, Validation, Market Dissemination 34 Structure of Work in Phase 2 WWI – Ambient Networks 35 Summary AN project provides a new networking concept AN Highlights Composition Modular ACS ASI, ANI, ARI Phase 2 will provide a comprehensive A N prototype This talk is available at : http://www.sics.se/~aeg/talks/uppsala061205.ppt WWI – Ambient Networks 36 Further Reading Project web page: http://www.ambient-networks.org Deliverable: D 1.5 AN Framework Architecture Paper: "A Node Identity Internetworking Architecture", Bengt Ahlgren, Jari Arkko, Lars Eggert and Jarno Rajahalme. 9th IEEE Global Internet Symposium , Barcelona, Spain, April 28-29, 2006. WWI – Ambient Networks 37 Master thesis project www.sics.se/cna/exjobb.html WWI – Ambient Networks 38 Thank you for your attention!!! WWI – Ambient Networks 39