Transcript Communication Systems_

Communication Systems, Protocol,
Hardware Configurations, Network
PSTI, Bangalore
Introduction –

Outline of Presentation
Communication




Requirement of Communication
Basics of Communication
Communication network
Communication Media




PLCC
VSAT
Microwave
Fiber Optics

Communication Protocols

Hardware Configuration
Requirement

Administrative

Telemetry – SCADA

Special Protection Schemes

SMART Grid Technology

Line Protection

HVDC implementation
Choice

High Reliability - Min. loss of communication; Select proper
hardware etc.

High Availability - Proper selection of media; alternate routing,
stand by etc.

Rapid response - Update time in specified limits.

Transparency - Compatibility with other systems.

Flexibility - Absorb future changes, additions, etc.

Maintainability - Minimum demand on maintenance
Scada/EMS system
SCADA /EMS
SERVER
ISR
SERVER
WORKSTATION
BASED
OPERATOR
CONSOLE
WITH TWO CRT
JUKE
BOX
D TS
SERVER
ICCP
COMMUNICATION
SERVER
LAN 1
LAN 2
TIME SYNCH
SYSTEM
OPRATION
SCHEDULING
CONSOLE
FROM
GPS
TERMINAL SERVER
NMS
CONSOLE
DUAL CFE
COMMUNICATION
FRONT END
PROCESSOR
COMMUNICATION
FRONT END
PROCESSOR
PERIPHERALS
ROUTER
SPLITTER
MODEM
VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEM
MIMIC CONTROL BOARD
TO RTUs
TO OTHER CONTROL
CENTERS
CHENNEL
2X64KBPS
Communication Network
Communication Network
Communication trough single medium
C
F
E
DATA
SERVERS
COAXIALCABLE
P
L
C
C
MODEM
Master Station
R
T
U
COAX
CABLE
PLCC ROOM
P
L
C
C
MODEM
RTU
PLCC ROOM
PLCC
P
L
C
C
Monitoring and Control System
Master Station Computer System
Communication Channel
Interface Devices
A/D Converter
Interface Devices
A/D Converter
Sensor/Transducer
Relays
Sensor/Transducer
Relays
Power systems
Analog to Digital Conversion

Sampling


According to the Nyquist 2 * fmax
Quantization and encoding
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
3
5
6
7
6
5
3
2
1
011
101
110
111
110
101
011
010
001
Communication Network
Communication trough multiple medium medium
C
F
E
Data Server
M
U
X
F. O. / MW
WIDE BAND
Master Station
R
T
U
COAX
CABLE
P
L
C
C
PLCC
P
L
C
C
COAX
CABLE
MODEM
MODEM
RTU
M
U
X
PLCC
ROOM
PLCC
ROOM
Communication Network
Communication Channel Configuration
M
A
S
T
E
R
S
T
A
T
I
O
N
C
C
C
C
C
C
POINT TO POINT
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
SERIES
SERIES
C
LOOP
C
C
C
C
STAR
Modulation Technique

Modulation




Amplitude modulation ( PAM )

Frequency of carrier fiixed

Varying Amplitude

Higher Noise
Frequency modulation ( FSK )

Frequency of the carrier varied

Amplitude not varied

Less noise
Amplitude Modulation
Frequency Modulation
Phase modulation ( PSK )

Phase of the carrier is varied

Amplitude not varied

Low Noise
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ( QAM )

Split into two signal

Added with a phase shift of 90 deg
Phase Modulation
Multiplexing

Multiplexing

Time Division Multiplexing ( TDM )


Separate Time slot is allotted
Advantages

It uses a single links

It does not require precise carrier matching at both end of the links.
Use of capacity is high.
Easy to expand the number of users at a low cost.
No need to include identification of the traffic stream on each packet.




Frequency Division Multiplexing ( FDM )


Separate Carrier Is allotted
Advantages




Here user can be added to the system by simply adding another pair of
transmitter modulator and receiver demodulators.
FDM system support full duplex information flow which is required by most of
application.
Noise problem for analog communication has lesser effect
Wave Division Multiplexing ( WDM )

Separate Wavelength is allotted
Higher Order Multiplexing

Synchronous digital multiplexers ( SDH )



Asynchronous digital multiplexers. ( PDH )


Synchronous digital multiplexers have tributaries with the same clock
frequency, and they are all synchronized to a master clock.
The basic building block is called the synchronous transport signal – level 1
( STS – 1 ) if electrical and optical carrier level 1 ( OC – 1 ) if optical. The
STS-1 has a 51.84 Mbps transmission rate and is synchronized to he
network clock.The STS-1 frame structure has 90 columns and 9 rows.
Asynchronous digital multiplexers has tributaries which have the same
nominal frequency (that means there can be a small difference from one to
another), but they are not synchronized to one another.
Multiplexing techniques
 Bit by Bit multiplexing/interleaving
 Word by Word multiplexing / interleaving.
System Layers
SDH Network
Management
System
DWDM &
STM- 16
Backbone Layer
PDH Network
Management
System
STM- 1/4 Transport Layer
Primary Access Layer
(< 2Mbit/s)
Voice Circuits &
Data Circuits
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE & MICROWAVE RADIO
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy ( PDH )
140 Mbit/s
MUX
34 Mbit/s
MUX
140 Mbit/s
MUX
34 Mbit/s
MUX
8 Mbit/s
MUX
2 Mbit/s
MUX

8 Mbit/s
MUX
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchies

Primary Order - 2 Mbit/s (2,048 Kbit/s)
–



30 x 64 Kbit/s Channels
Second Order - 8 Mbit/s (8,448 Kbit/s)
–
4 x 2Mbit/s Tributaries
–
120 x 64 Kbit/s Channels
Third Order - 34 Mbit/s (34,368 Kbit/s)
–
16 x 2Mbit/s Tributaries
–
480 x 64 Kbit/s Channels
Fourth Order - 140 Mbit/s (139,264 Kbit/s)
–
64 x 2Mbit/s Tributaries
–
1920 x 64 Kbit/s Channels
2 Mbit/s
MUX
SDH Multiplexing Structure
PTR
SOH
x1
STM1
AUG
POH
POH
C4
C4
C4
PTR
x4
AU4
VC4
x3
STM4
POH
POH
C3
C3
x1
TUG3
SOH
139264 Kbit/s
x16
x7
TU3
C3
44736 Kbit/s
34368 Kbit/s
VC3
TUG2
STM16
PTR
SOH
x3
x64
STM64
POH
POH
C12
C12
TU12
VC12
2048 Kbit/s
C12
POH
SOH
C11
VC11

Administrative Unit ( AU )

Virtual Container ( VC )

Container ( C )

Tributary units ( TU )

Tributary Unit Group ( TUG )
C11
1544 Kbit/s
Transport Frame Formats
2 Mbit/s (ITU-T G.704)



The standard bandwidth of the voice channel in a digital transmission system is 300 – 3400 kHz.
A number of input signal / channels ( typically 24 or 30 ) are combined.
Combined in a frame and Multi-frame




Input signal / Data
Frame alignment word
Service bits
Signaling bits
Bandwidth Capacity in 24F-OPGW Cable
DARK FIBRE PAIRS
FIBRE PAIRS TO BE
USED
SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL
HIERARCHY (SDH)
Capacity
Voice
channels
STM - 1
155 Mbps
1920
STM - 4
622 Mbps
7500
STM - 16
2.5 Gbps
30000
STM - 64 10.0 Gbps
120000
Transport
Module
LDCA
TAX
DWDM
N * 2.5
N*2.5 Gbps N*30000
N *10
N*10 Gbps N*120000
For example
32*2.5
80 Gbps
960000
32*10
320 Gbps
3840000
Single pair
of fibres
LDCA
TAX
Communication Media
Power Line Carrier Communication ( PLCC )

HF Carrier Signal ranging from 30 kHz to 500 kHz

Mainly used for






a) Speech,
b) Tele-protection
c) Data Signal ( RTU ),
d) Meter data transfer,
e) Tele-Control
Disadvantages of PLCCs are:







a) Limited Bandwidth ( 4 kHz ),
b) Low speed of data transfer ( 1200 baud ),
c) Separate battery supply for reliable DC supply,
d) Subjected to noise – high signal to noise ratio
e) problem of frequency allocation with highly messed networks
f) Depends on physical connectivity of Power lines – network expansion problem
g) Cannot be monitored from a centralized location.
Power Line Carrier Communication ( PLCC )

Coupling devices are used for isolation of carrier equipment from
the high tension voltage system and to provide a low impedance
path for carrier frequency. Generally CVTs are used with LMU.

Wave traps are used to confine the carrier signals between the two
carriers equipments located at the respective substation and to
provide high impedance to carrier frequency. Rated for full current.
Power Line Carrier Communication ( PLCC )
AUDIO

4KHz AUDIO BAND IS USED FOR TRANSMITTION VOICE & DATA.
VOICE
0.3 –2.0 KHz
DATA
2.1 – 3.4 KHZ
CARRIER

FREQUENCY BAND
40 KHz - 500 KHz. HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE IS USED FOR CARRIER SIGNALS
SPEECH
& DATA SIGNALS WILL BE TRANSMITTED IN THE 4KHz BANDWIDTH IN EACH DIRECTION
OVER THE CARRIER.
Eg. WITH
100/104 KHz CARRIER FREQUENCY,THE TRANSMIT SIGNALS WILL BE 100-104 KHz AND
RECEIVE SIGNALS WILL BE 104-108 KHz RANGE.
VSAT Communication
Satellite Communication is a technology of data transmission whether oneway data broadcasting or two-way interactive using radio frequency as a
medium.
It consists of:


C Band – 6/4GHz
Ku Band -14/12GHz
Ka Band – 30/20GHz
Space Segment or Satellite
Ground Segment or earth station

Antenna,

Outdoor Unit,

Inter Facility Link,

Indoor Unit and

Customer Premises Equpt.
Uplink
6 GHz
HPA
Up Converter
Feed Horn
Satellite Modem
CPE
Downlink
4 GHz
PSTN
Transmitting Earth
Station
RFT
LNA
Down Converter
Satellite Modem
CPE
PSTN
Receiving Earth
Station
HPA – High Power Amplifier, LNA- Low Noise Amplifier (Earth station equipment that amplifies the transmit RF signal. )
CPE – customer premises equipment ( eg. Telephone, PABX, Ethernet hub, host server, etc)
VSAT Communication
Antenna diameter
: 0.6m – 3.8m
Traffic Capacity
: 9.6kbps – 2Mbps
Frequency Bands : C-band (4-6Ghz) or
: Ku-Band (12-14Ghz)
: Ka-Band (30/20Ghz)
Use of satellite
: Geo-stationary satellite
(36,000km above equator)
Network
Configuration
: Point-to-point
: Point-to-multipoint
VSAT communication Technology
SCPC (Single-Carrier Per Channel

point-to-point
Time-division multiple access (TDMA )

Share satellite resource on a time-slot basis
Frequency Division Multiple Access ( FDMA )

Pre-Assigned Multiple Access ( PAMA )

Demand Assigned Multiple Access ( DAMA )

Code Division Multiple Access ( CDMA )
Microwave Communication
Microwave links provide hops of some ten or twenty
kilometres.
Definition : λ= C * T = C / F
λ : wavelength in metres,
C : speed of light in metres per second,
F : frequency in Hertz,
T : period in seconds
C (speed of light) = 3 * 108 m/s.
Microwave Communication
Propagation Problem :
 Roundness of Earth
 Atmospheric Refraction
 Defraction
 Reflection
 Due to Hydrometeors
Radius of first Fresnel ellipsoid: rmax = 0.5*√ ( λ*d )
d : distance between transmitter and receiver
Microwave Communication
Hot Standby Configuration ( HSB )
•
Standby equipment transmits at the same time as the
active equipment.
•
A logic circuit manages detection of a transmitter
fault. This type of switching is called errored
switching.
•
In receive mode, the two receivers receive the same
signal and process it in parallel The logic circuit uses
the digital signal for switching. This type of switching
is called errorless switching
Frequency Diversity Configuration
•
Frequency diversity protects signal propagation.
•
The system is expensive in terms of frequency
bandwidth and equipment.
•
The signal forwarded to the terrestrial network
is chosen in the same way as for the HSB
configuration.
Microwave Communication
Frequency Diversity Configuration
•
Space diversity protects propagation against fading.
•
The diagram shows space diversity in one transmission
direction. It can be symmetric. The receiver at the top is
called the main receiver, and the bottom receiver is the
diversity receiver. If a diversity transmitter is installed, it
must be switched off.
•
The signal forwarded to the terrestrial network is
chosen in the same way as for the HSB configuration
Fiber Optic Communication
The Ray Model
The Wave Model
Incidence
When light travels from a more dense medium to a
When light travels from a less dense medium to a
less dense medium i.e. when n1>n2 then the ray is
more dense medium i.e. when n1<n2 then the
reflected inside the boundary.
ray is refracted out of the boundary.
Snell’s Law :
Fiber Optic Communication
Fiber optic cable functions as a "light guide," guiding the light introduced at one end of
the cable through to the other end. The light source can either be a light-emitting
diode (LED) or a laser. Using a lens, the light pulses are funneled into the fiber-optic
medium where they travel down the cable.

The light (near infrared) is most often are used :

850nm for shorter distances
 1,300nm for longer distances on Multi-mode fiber
 1300nm for single-mode fiber
 1,500nm is used for longer distances.
Fiber Optic Communication
Single Mode cable is a single stand of
glass fiber with a diameter of 8.3 to 10
microns.
Single Mode Fiber through which only
one mode will propagate typically 1310
or 1550nm.
Data is sent at multi-frequency (WDM
Wave-Division-Multiplexing) so only one
cable is needed - (single-mode on one
single fiber)
Multi-Mode cable has a little bit bigger diameter, with a common diameters in the 50-to-100
micron.
Most applications in which Multi-mode fiber is used, 2 fibers are used (WDM is not normally used
on multi-mode fiber).
Light waves are dispersed into numerous paths, or modes, as they travel through the cable's core
typically 850 or 1300nm.
Fiber Optic Communication
Fiber Optic Communication
Attenuation

Scattering

Due to interactions of photons with fiber medium.

Absorption ( Intrinsic + Extrinsic )

Due to fiber itself ( Intrinsic )

Due to impurities of water and metal, such as iron,
(extrinsic).

Bending and Geometrical Imperfections

Due to physical stress on fiber.

Core-cladding interface irregularities, diameter variations etc.
nickel and chromium
Dispersion

Intramodal Or Chromatic Dispersion


Propagation Delay in Various Spectral Components of the Transmitted Signal.
Intermodal Dispersion

Propagation Delay Between Various Modes, Mainly in Multimode Fibres.
A Comparison
Copper
Distance
~ 100 m @ 100 Mbps
Fiber
STM-1 & 4 : ~ 240 Km* single hop (SH)
Microwave
~ 30-40 Km @ 2/7/8 GHz
STM-16 : ~ 70 Km (SH)
DWDM : ~ 80 Km (SH)
*With EDFAs and Raman Amplifier
Interference
Cross talk, Noise &
Induction
IMMUNE TO INTERFERENCE
Prone to Interference to same
carrier frequency
Application area
Access Network
Transport / Backbone Network
Access Network
Metro Network
Backbone Network (Partly)
Time consuming
Time consuming
Fast
Requires Right Of Way
(ROW)
Requires Right Of Way (ROW)
Requires WPC clearance
Cost Effective
Yes#
(# In Access Network as last
mile connectivity)
Yes~
(~From bandwidth up gradation p.o.v)
Yes%
(% From fast deployment p.o.
v)
Type of media
- Un armoured (Ducted)
- Armoured cables
-
Deployment
Un armoured (Ducted)
Armoured
Submarine
ADSS (All Dielectric Self Supporting)
OPGW (Optical Ground Wire)
HF : 3 to 30 MHz
UHF : 300 to 3000 MHz
SHF: 3 to 30 GHz
EHF: 30 to 300 GHz
A Comparison
Copper
Fiber
Microwave
Material
Copper wires
Optical fiber
RF / Electromagnetic waves
Composition
Copper
Silica & impurities like Ge, Er etc.
-
Dimension
0.3 mm to 1.5 mm
9 micron / 125 micron (Single
Mode)
62.5 micron/ 125 micron
(Multi Mode)
-
Carrier
Electrical signal
Transmitter: Laser / LED
Receiver: Photodiode
RF Carrier
(2 MHz to 58 GHz)
Capacity
~ 100 Mbps
> 1.5 Tbit/s (10 Gbit/s x 150
Lambda)
155 to 622 Mbit/s
Technologies
- IEEE802.3
- xDSL (IDSL, ADSL, HDSL,
SHDSL, VDSL)
PDH, SDH, DWDM & CWDM
PDH & SDH
Communication Protocol
CIM
?
DMS
?
Teleprotection
?
Protocol Layers
Tele-Control Protocols

IEC 60870-5-101 protocol (from RTU to Control Center communication

IEC 60870-6-502 ( ICCP) protocol (between two Control Canters)

IEC 60870-5-103 protocol (for communication between IEDs in a Substation)

IEC 60870-5-104 protocol

MODBUS Protocol ( MFTs)

DNP 3.0 Protocol (Serial)---Master Station

DNP 3.0 Protocol (TCP/IP)---Master Station

IEC 61850 protocol (for Substation Automation)

The Present SCADA systems use

IEC 60870-5-101

IEC 60870-6-502
IEC–60870–5-101
Physical Layer :
Unbalanced
Request Message
Information bit : 8 bit
(User Data, Confirm Expected)
Stop bit : 1
Parity bit : Even
[P]
[S]
Master
Slave
(Acknowledgment)
Data Link Layer
Response Message
Standard Frame Format : FT 1.2
[P]
Maximum Frame Length : 255 bytes
(Request User Data)
[S]
Transmission Layer ( Station address field Length : 1 or 2 bytes )
(Respond User Data or NACK)
[P] = Primary Frame
[S] = Secondary Frame
Unbalanced Mode :
Transmitted messages are categorized on two priority classes( Class 1 & Class 2 )
Balanced Mode :
All the messages are sent, No categorization of Class 1 and Class 2
Network Layer : Not defined as 870-5-101 is not IP based
Application Layer
The length of the header fields of the data structure are:
Station address 1 or 2 byte ( User defined )
ASDU Address : 1 or 2 bytes
Information Object address : 2 bytes
Cause of Transmission : 1 byte
Selection of ASDUs
ASDU
ASDU
ASDU
ASDU
ASDU
ASDU
ASDU
ASDU
ASDU
ASDU
ASDU
1 : Single point information
2 : Single point information with time tag
3 : Double point information
4 : Double point information with time tag
9 : Measured value, Normalised value
10 : Measured value, Normalised value with time tag
11 : Measured Value, Scaled value
12 : Measured value, Scaled value with time tag
100 : Interrogation Command
103 : Clock Synchronisation Command
120 - 126 : File transfer Command
ICCP Protocol
Associations
An application Association needs to be established between two ICCP instances before any
data exchange can take place. Associations can be Initiated, Concluded or Aborted by the
ICCP instances.
Bilateral Agreement and Table, Access Control
A Bilateral Agreement between two control-centers (say A and B) for data access. A
Bilateral Table is a digital representation of the Agreement.
Data Values
Data Values are objects that represent the values of control-center objects including points
(Analog, Digital and Controls) or data structures.
Data Sets
Data Sets are ordered-lists of Data Value objects that can be created locally by an ICCP
server or on request by an ICCP client
Information Messages
Information Message objects are used to exchange text or other data between Control
Centers.
Transfer Sets
Transfer Set objects are used for complex data exchange schemes to transfer Data Sets (all
elements or a subset of the Data set elements) etc.
Devices
Devices are the ICCP objects that represent controllable objects in the control center.
ICCP Protocol
Conformance Blocks
ICCP divides the entire ICCP functionality into 9 conformance block subsets.
Implementations can declare the blocks that they provide support for, thus clearly specifying
the level of ICCP supported by the implementation. Any ICCP implementation must
necessarily support Block 1ca
Block 1 – Basic Services
Association, Data Value, Data Set, Data set transfer
Block 2 – Extended Data Set Condition Monitoring
Data Set Transfer Set Condition Monitoring
Object Change condition monitoring, Integrity Timeout condition monitoring
Block 3 – Blocked Transfers
Transfer Reports with Block data
Block 4 – Information Message
Information Message objects,
IMTransfer Set objects
Block 6 to Block 9 are not generally implemented
Start Transfer
Stop Transfer
Data Set Transfer Set Condition Monitoring
Block 5 – Device Control
Device objects
Select, Operate, Get Tag, Set Tag, Timeout, Local Reset, Success, Failure
ORISSA
Atri33
Bamra
220KV
U/G
Bargaon33
Kutra33
Therubali
Meeramandali
400/220/132
220KV
220KV
Chandaka
220/132
Jajpur Town
132
Chandikol
Naupada132
Vidyut
Bhavan
Kamakhyanagar-132
Mathkargola -33
SLDC
Duburi
220/132
Legend
Maithon
SLDC-80
Muzaffarpur
Mankur
132-WBSEB
Burdwan
132-DVC
Belmuri
132-DVC
Howrah
220/132
CALCUTTA
Biharshariff
400/220
Total Hops:62
New Towers:51
Tower
#313
Jamui
Kahalgaon
50M/SEC
Mejia
132(DVC)
Kalipahari
132(DVC)
47M/SEC
39M/SEC
PDT
Backup route
DV
C
HQ
ERSCC
Patna
BIHAR
Durgapur(CS)
400/220
CPCC
Sub LDC
Biharshariff
220/132
CTPS
132(DVC)
Jamshedpur(CS)
Kalyaneswari
400/220
Waria
132(DVC)
Tower#146
Fatwa
Rajgir-132
Bokaro B
132 DVC
SANTHALDIH
132(WBSEB)
400KV
TOWER
#194
Barkot
TSTPS(CS)
400
Chainpal-132
7 km
132KV
Bhubaneshwar132
Chandil
220/132
Tarkera
220/132
Rourkela(CS)
400/220
Akusinghi 220KV
TOWER226
Narendrapur
15 km
Kushai
Colony
220/132
Jayanagar
Lalganj
Hajipur
Manpur33
Budhipadar
220KV
400/220
Bodhgaya-
XY
Jeypore(PG)
400/220
Khur
da
Mendhasal
JHARKHAND
Hatiya
220/132
Farakka(CS)
400/220
Maldah(CS)
400/220
NBU-132
PD
T
PD
T
India Bhutan borde
X Y
Siliguri
Repeater
Sub Station
Microwave
Optical cable
Underground Optical cable
Monitoring Center
ERSCC
WEST
BENGAL
EASTERN REGION
WIDEBAND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Updated as on 13/04/2015
WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR
NORTHERN REGION SCADA SYSTEM
PUNJAB
JAMMU & KASHMIR
RISHIKESH
HAMIRPUR
GLADNI
HARDWAR
DULHASTI
GAGAL
HIMACHAL
PRADESH
SALAL
BAIRASUIL
CHAMERA-1
ROORKEE
UTTAR PRADESH
GANGUWAL
JANIPURA
ROORKEE
KUNIHAR
CHAMERA-2
ROPAR
MUHAMDPUR
JUTOGH-SLDC
KISHENPUR
JALLANDHAR-II
URI
UDHAMPUR
WAGOORA
M E E R UT -800
MUZAFERNAGAR
MEERUT
KISHANPUR
JAMALPUR
MEERUT-220
(MODIPURAM)
HARYANA
KURALI
GORAYA
(PG) 800
NARWANA
PANCHKULA
BARNALA
MURAD NAGAR-II
TIBER
AMRITSAR
CHANDIGARH
(BBMB)
MALLERKOTLA
JALLENDHAR
M OGA
ASSANDH
GULAUTI
PANIPAT-TPS
LUDHIANA
FATEHABAD
PANIPAT-SLDC
KHURJA
M U R A D NA GA
JAGRAON
MOGA
LALTON KALAN
MALERKOTLA
GOBINDGARH
NAUSERA
DHULKOTE
HARDUAGANJ
PATIALA- SLDC
NARORA
N A L A G ARH
KAITHAL
SIKANDRA RAO
PATIALA
HISSAR
JHAJJAR
ABDULLAPUR
SONIPAT
N A T H P A JHA KRI
RATANGARH
BAHADURGARH
ETAH 123
H I S SAR
BHIWANI
DADRI SLDC
CP CC- 2
NARELA
GOPALPUR
M O R A D ABA D
WAZIRABAD
MAINPURI
PATPARGA
LACHMANGARH
BAWANA
NA R OR A
GAZIPUR
RAJASTHAN
NIBKARORI
URI
BALIA
D A U L IGA N
GORAKHPUR
SIKAR
BAHADURGARH
KHANJAWALA
RAIBAREILLY
DELHI
L U CK NO
GURSAHAIGANJ
G O R A K HPU
TANAKPUR
IP.POWER
MINTO ROAD
VINDHYACHAL
SITARGANJ
CB GA NJ
V I N D HYC HA L
U NNA O
BILHAU
LOCAL_PG
LODHI ROAD
PALSANA
U NCHHA R
R S CC
N R LDC
A L L AH ABA D
IP.EXT.
ALLAHAB
P A NK I
SINGRAULI
A U R I YA
K A NPUR
DADRI HVDC
NAJABGARH
DADRI GAS
CP CC- 1
RIHAND HVDC
SINGRAULI
DA DR I THM
KANPUR
AJGAIN
R I H A ND THM
SARITA VIHAR
REENGUS
L U K HNOW
( S A R O JNI N a gar )
DADRI
BADARPUR
AGRA
RIHAND HVDC
BADARPUR
ANTA
S H A K TI
B HA W A N
B H I W ADI
B A S SI
HINGONIA
MEHRAULI
BAMNAULI
A GR A
OKHLA
LUCKNOW
SAMESHI
RAIBAREILLY
BHIWADI
TEHRI
F A R ID ABA D
RIHAND PIPRI
MANDOLA
BALLABGARH
BAREILLY
RAE BARELI
MAINPURI
SIRSHI
B A L LA BGA RH
ALWAR
BASSI
M A N D O LA
DALLA
GAURIGANJ
H E E R APU RA
OBRA B
LEGEND
SULTANPUR
RAMGANJ
STATION
PHAGI
ROBERTGANJ
REPEATER
DEBARI
SUB SLDC
KOTA
( PG )
R A PP - A
CHITTORGARH
MALPURA
MAU AIMMA
SLDC
MARIHANE
R A PP - B
ANTA
CPCC
ALLAHABAD
KAKRAULI
NO PATH
BHINMAL
RAPP -C
FIBER
MICROWAVE
KEKRI
HANDIA
TELECOM LINK
SAHAPURA
BHILWARA
MANPURA
BIJOLIA
DABI
TALERA
KOTA
DIFFERENT PATH
AZAMGARH
VARANSI
SAHUPURI
CHUNAR
MIRZAPUR
VSAT / MEKSET LINK
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION CORPORATION LIMITED
NORTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE
WIDEBAND COMMUNICATION NETWORK
FOR NORTHERN REGION SCADA SYSTEM
Prepared by :
Updated on
SCADA Deptt.
:
October, 2010
Thank You