Transcript Overview of Communication Systems for Smart Grid

Overview of Communication Systems for
Smart Grid
Hao Liang
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
[email protected]
BBCR Smart Grid Subgroup
2011.11.3
Outline
• Group Organization, Purpose, and Members
• Overview of Communication Systems for Smart Grid
• Article I: Heterogeneous Communication Architecture for the Smart
Grid
• Article II: Communication Systems for Grid Integration of Renewable
Energy Resources
• Summary
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Group Organization, Purpose, and Members
• Group Organization
– Emphasize smart grid and energy efficient networks
– Project-oriented organization -> regular meeting
– Weekly presentation: 1) Interesting research papers
2) Individual/collaborative research work
3) etc.
– The Bibliography of Smart Grid (a website)
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Group Organization, Purpose, and Members
• Long-Term Goal
– Specialize in 2-3 research areas in smart grid
– Currently, we are working on: electrical vehicles, smart microgrids
• Short-Term Goal
– Tutorial papers for smart grid (overall picture + new research issues)
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Group Organization, Purpose, and Members
• Members from BBCR Group
Hao Liang: Delay Tolerant Network
David (Bong Jun) Choi: Energy Efficient Network
Xiaoxia Zhang: Information Theory
Sandra Cespedes U.: Mobile IP
Zhongming Zheng: Energy Efficient Network
Zhiguo Shi: Wireless Sensor Network
Yujie Tang: Cognitive Radio
Hongwei Li: Network Security
• Members from Energy and Power System Group
Ahmed Samir: Smart Grid
Kun Zhuge: Electrical Vechicle
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Overview of Communication Systems for Smart Grid
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Overview of Communication Systems for Smart Grid
• Backbone Network
– High-bandwidth
– Fiber optics, digital microwave radio
• Access Network
– Lower-bandwidth
– Copper twisted-pair wire lines, power line communications, and
wireless systems
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Overview of Communication Systems for Smart Grid
• Power Line Communications (PLCs)
– Basic idea: Use existing electrical wires to transport data
– High bit rates: Up to 200 Mb/s
– Applications: Broadband Internet access,
indoor wired local area networks,
utility metering and control, real-time pricing,
distributed energy generation
– Standardization: ITU-T G.hn, IEEE 1901, NIST has included HomePlug, ITU-T G.hn and
IEEE 1901 as “Additional Standards Identified by NIST Subject to
Further Review” for the smart grid in the USA
– Advantage: 1) Communication signals travels on the same wires that carry electricity
2) No “Wall Effect”
– Disadvantage: 1) Victim of electromagnetic interference (EMI) since power line cables
are often unshielded
2) High cost (compared with ZigBee), 1-3 customers per transformer in
North America (while 100–300 customers per transformer in Europe)
3) Practicality: Water/gas meters are powered by batteries without
power lines
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Overview of Communication Systems for Smart Grid
• Wireless Home (Local) Area Networks
– Zigbee: Leading standard
– WiFi: High data rate vs. high cost and power consumption
– Collaboration: Smart Energy 2.0 (a standard promoted by ZigBee, to work on Wi-Fi)
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Overview of Communication Systems for Smart Grid
• Wireless Wide Area Networks
– Public cell phone carriers: 1) Reduction of the costs (by not having to build
a new network)
2) How to meet the requirements in the
machine-to-machine area?
– WiMAX: 1) Provide wireless broadband communications
2) Cost of using licensed spectrum
3) Risky since the network is not deployed at scale
– Interoperability: IEEE P2030
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Article I: Heterogeneous Communication Architecture
for the Smart Grid
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Article I - Outline
• Smart Grid as an Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)
• Access Network Level
• Sensor Network Level
• Next-Generation Network (NGN) Level
• Middleware Level
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Smart Grid as an USN
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Smart Grid as an USN
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Access Network Level
• Baseline Technology
– PLC
– WiMAX
– IEEE 802.11s (A draft from IEEE 802.11
for mesh networks)
– IEEE 802.22 (TV frequency spectrum
between 54 and 862 MHz based on
cognitive radio)
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Sensor Network Level
• Baseline Technology
– IEEE 802.15.4
– IEEE 802.15.5 (a mesh architecture in
PAN networks based on IEEE 802.15.4)
– Upper layers: e.g., Zigbee
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NGN Level
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Middleware Level
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Article II: Communication Systems for Grid Integration of
Renewable Energy Resources
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Article II - Outline
• Bear Mountain Wind farm (BMW) in British Columbia
• Grid Integration of Photovoltaic Power Systems
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BMW in British Columbia
• Introduction to BMW
– Large-scale wind farms are normally integrated into power transmission networks so
that the generated electric power can be delivered to load centers in remote locations
– Small-scale wind farms can be integrated into power distribution networks to meet
local demands
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BMW in British Columbia
•
Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)
BMW data together with protection information and
line telemetry data are transmitted to the system
control center through ADSS fiber cable and power
line carrier. Every 4 s, the data will be updated.
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BMW in British Columbia
• Research Challenges
– Standardization of protocols
– Implementation of synchronized phasor measurement
– Application of wireless technologies
– Make use of full capabilities of wind farm SCADA and wind turbine reactive capability
(two-way communications can activate advanced applications such as voltage control
system (VCS))
– Enhance communication systems reliability
– Islanding detection and operation through communication systems
(fast and accurate communications)
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Grid Integration of Photovoltaic Power Systems
Typical
Advanced
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Grid Integration of Photovoltaic Power Systems
• Research Challenges
– Power consumption of the end device
– Reliability, coverage, and flexibility
– Addressing and localization (for a large number of devices)
– Islanding detection
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Summary of This Talk
• Overview of communication systems for smart grid
• Example 1: Heterogeneous network architecture
• Example 2: Integration of renewable energy resources
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