Transcript Classical Greece PPT

Classical Greece
Greece
16ABC
Geography
 Large mountainous peninsula
 Hilly terrain
 Farming was difficult
 Relied on trade
 Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
16C
16ABC
16ABC
Rise of City-States
 Mountains, seas cut off populations from one
another
 Isolation
 Caused different
communities to develop
their own ways of life.
 City-states developed
 Had a govt
 System of laws
3A 16C 21B
Rise of City-States
 Polis = a town where people would meet
 discuss political, economical, social and religious
activities
 Olympic games played every 4 years to honor Zeus
 Honored athletes and competition
 Pleased the gods
3A 21B
Sparta
 important city-state
 large slave population = wealth
 Controlled and disciplined lives
 Large effective army!
 no arts or new ideas
 Only war mattered
 Boys trained very young
21B 24A
Athens
 Limited Democracy – government controlled by
its citizens
 “Rule of the people”
 Only men over 30 yrs could participate
 Women, foreigners, slaves = non- citizens
 Oligarchy =Ruled by small group of elite,
wealthy people
3A 16B 21B
Athens
 Rights
 Voting
 Passing laws
 Speaking at public meetings
 Responsibilities
 Participating in govt
 Paying taxes
 Following laws
21B 22B
Athens
 Jury system
 Trial by a jury of your peers
 Innocent until proven guilty
 laws of Sparta and Athens
 equal justice to all
21B 22B
Society
 Patriarchal
 women had little political life
 women ran households
 Women shared in family businesses
 Children were educated at home by mothers,
 Children helped farm
24A
The Persian Wars (490 BC-479 BC)
 Persian War = united all the Greek city-states
against Persia
 Greeks vs. Persian Empire
 King Xerxes
 Greek victories at Marathon and Salamis
 barley beat the Persians
 faster Greek naval ships helped them win
3A
The Golden Age of Pericles
 Era of peace and achievements after the Persian
Wars
 Freedom and confidence
 strengthening of navy and overseas trade
 direct democracy
 One person, one vote
3A 20A
Philosophy
 Philosophy = “love of wisdom”
 Human reasoning
 Understand the world, solve its problems
 Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
 Applied logic to science
3A 25B
Art
 Statues and buildings with balance and
proportions
 painted with bright colors
 sculptures
 use of columns
 Parthenon = marble temple for Athena
 Acropolis = hilltop
3A 26A 25B
Science and Math
 Eratosthenes = geographer
 Earth was round
 calculated its circumference
 Hipparchus = mathematician
 Latitude, longitude
27AE
Science and Math
 Archimedes = greatest mathematician of ancient
times
 geometry
 Studied pulleys and levers
 Measured volume and density
 Designed catapults
 Studied pi
27AE
Science and Math
 Pythagoras
 Geometry, philosopher
 numbers are useful for more than counting things
 formulas could help establish patterns in nature
 Modern scientific theory is based on his theories
 Euclid
 geometry
27AE
Science and Math
 Aristarchus
 Sun is larger than Earth
 Earth and other planets revolve around Sun
27A
 Ancient Epidaurus
3A
Alexander the Great
 Inherited throne of Macedonia
 Military tactics and leadership
 Conquered the Persian Empire to the Indus River
Valley
 spread Greek thought and practice across Africa,
Europe, and Southwest Asia
3A
Alexander the Great
Hellenistic Age
 Hellenistic Age= blend of Greek culture with
cultures from the Middle East and India
 Spread through conquest
 Library in Alexandria, Egypt = encouraged
learning
 Hellenistic art, math, science, trade
3A