Transcript Computer Network Construction

Computer Network
Construction
M. Sc. Juan Carlos Olivares Rojas
[email protected]
[email protected]
http://antares.itmorelia.edu.mx/~jcolivar/
Outline
• Needs of Computer Networks
• Criteria for Computer Networks
• Computer Network Planning
• Network Design
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Hardware and Software Selection
Assembly of the Network
Network Applications
Internet Conections
Objectives
• Construct a Computer Network Infrastructure
using Structured Cabling Systems
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Competences:
Making cables
Installing devices
Setup Computer, Host and Devices
Computer Network Planning
Needs of Computer Networks
• The first step in the construction of a Computer
Network is the evaluation of what services must
provide the network infraestructure.
• The networks are diferent in homes, offices,
enterprises, academic, etc.
Criteria for Computer Networks
• Exist a lot of criteria for constructing a
Computer Network such as:
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Transfer a lot of Data (Bandwith)
Communication of Long Distances (WAN)
Transfer data quickly (High Speed Networks)
Low cost (Ethernet)
Multiple users (Segmentation)
Computer Network Planning
• The planning process in general is dificult.
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Planning consist in three principal activities:
Itinerary (Tasks, Subtask)
Estimation (Time, Cost and Assign Role)
Tracking (control)
• What’s the problem?
Network Design
• The main problem in the construction of a
computer network is the network modelling but
not since logical point of view. We need
consider the physical view.
• It’s important to develop a plan design of
network. We need to know how is the physical
construction when the newtork will be
implemented (We need the architectonic plan)
Activity
• We need to construct a Computing Laboratory
for this school in this classroom.
• The needs and criteria are: 25 PC (1 Server,
Professor Machine), using Offimatic, Business,
Languages and Mathematical Software.
• Construct de the network planning and network
design of this network.
Hardware and Software
Selection
• It’s a process totally dependet of Network
Budget.
• We not spare cost in hardware infrastructure.
• The cabling system have an aproximate
duration of 10 years (Actually We must
construct using Cat 6 UTP for Example)
Assembly of the Network
• This process consist in the implementation and
setup of hardware and software for the
computer network infraestructure.
• For these situation, we need to known and
apply an Structured Cabling System.
Structured Cabling System
• Components of Structured Cabling
– Working Area
– Horizontal Cabling
– Backbone (Vertical) Cabling
– Main Telecomunication Center
– Intermedial Telecomunication Center
– Incomming Services.
Structured Cable System
• Planning of Structured
– Electricity and Ground Conection Regulation
– Solutions to drop voltages.
– Security Normativity
• Network Documentation
– Logs
– Diagrams.
– Labeling Cables
– Cable and Power Outlet Abstract
– Devices, MAC and IP Addresses
– Other resources
Cableado estructurado
• Es una metodología para diseñar e instalar de
manera adecuada redes de comunicación,
particularmente, redes de computadoras.
• Define más que una simple estructura o forma
de realizar cableados de casas y empresas.
Forma un estándar para simplificar las cosas.
Se centra en la fase de planeación, instalación
y expansión de la red.
• It’s called Layer 0
What’s the problem?
Safety Procedures
• Safety is the primary concern.
• General safety precautions, while working with
network building materials - both electrical and
construction.
Structured Cabling Systems
• A Structured Cabling System is a cabling and
connectivity products that integrates data, voice,
video and various management system of a
building
Benefits of Structured Cabling
System
• Redundancy at design stage reduces downtime
& repair time
• Ease of fault location & repair
• Flexibility, expandability & modular connecting
platform
• Ease of moves, adds and changes
• Enhanced end-use understanding and control
• Significant long term cost containment
Cable Distribution System
• Cable Tray
• Raised Floor
• Conduit
• Hung Ceiling / False Ceiling
Elements of a Structured Cabling System
Figure 1
Figure 1
Structured Cabling Components
Work Flow
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installing outlets
installing jacks
running cables
punching cables into patch panels
testing cables
documenting cables
Work Flow (cont)
• installing NICs
• installing hubs, switches, bridges,
and routers
• configuring routers
• installing and configuring PCs
Place Copper Wires into a Jack
Documenting Cable Runs
• A cut sheet
– is a rough diagram that shows the locations of the
cable runs.
– indicates the numbers of the classrooms, offices, or
other rooms, to which the cables have been run.
– to
place
corresponding
numbers
on
all
telecommunications outlets and at the patch panel
in the wiring closet.
TIA/EIA-606 for Labeling Cables
• Labeling
– NO terms such as "Mr. Zimmerman's math class," or "Ms. Thome's art
class".
– incorporate room numbers in the label information
– incorporate color coding
• For example, a blue label might identify horizontal cabling at the wiring closet
only, while a green label might identify cabling at the work area.
– mark the cable three times, approximately 60 cm apart
– Allow enough cable for the ends to reach all the way to each jack
location, plus enough excess or slack to reach the floor and extend
another 60-90 cm.
– Do not cut the cables unless they have a label.
mounting cables in raceway
• decorative raceway
– presents a more finished appearance
• gutter raceway
– a less attractive alternative to decorative raceway.
• mounted with adhesive backing or with screws
SAFETY RULES
• turn off power to all circuits that might pass
through those work areas
• Never, ever, touch power cables
• learn the locations of all fire extinguishers in the
area.
• Long pants and sleeves help protect your arms
and legs. Avoid wearing excessively loose or
baggy clothing.
SAFETY RULES (cont)
• protect your eyes with safety glasses
• If you anticipate working in a dropped ceiling
area, survey the area.
• Follow building safety codes
Supporting Horizontal Cables
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wall-mounted gutter
tie-wraps
ladder rack
Tools
– A telepole
• is nothing more than a telescoping pole with a hook at one end to
hold the cable.
• is used to string cable across a dropped ceiling or attic quickly.
– fishing cable
• When you pull cable up through a wall, you ordinarily work from an
attic or dropped ceiling space
Wiring Closets
• the equipment in a wiring closet includes:
– patch panels
– wiring hubs
– bridges
– switches
– routers
Network Operating Test
• The baseline
– is a record of your network's starting point or newly
installed performance capabilities.
• Continue to test your network on a regular basis
in order to ensure that it performs at its peak
• A cable tester is a hand held device that can
certify that cable meets the required IEEE and
TIA/EIA standards.
Cable Tester
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determine cable distance
locate bad connections
provide wire maps for detecting crossed pairs
measure signal attenuation
measure near-end crosstalk
detect split pairs
perform noise level tests
trace cable behind walls
Cable Tester (Cont)
Conexión de cables
Jack
El jack es el componente
femenino en un dispositivo de
red, toma de pared o panel de
conexión.
Jack
Para que la electricidad
fluya entre el conector y el
jack, el orden de los hilos
debe seguir el código de
colores T568A, o T568B
recomendado
en
los
estándares EIA/TIA-568-B.1
Configuración
Conexión directa
Utilice cables de conexión directa para el siguiente
cableado:
•Switch a router
•Switch a PC o servidor
•Hub a PC o servidor
Conexión Cruzada
Utilice cables de conexión cruzada para el siguiente cableado:
•Switch a switch
•Switch a hub
•Hub a hub
•Router a router
•PC a PC
•Router a PC
CABLE TESTER.
We all have some ugly wiring
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
• Labeling is a key to reduce work later
Fiber Optic Cable Construction
• Fiber has bend radius issues
Fiber Optic Cable Construction
• Leave slack loops
Cutting, Striping & Crimping Tools
Punching Tool
Cabling Rules
Try to avoid running cables parallel to power cables.
Do not bend cables to less than four times the diameter of the
cable.
If you bundle a group of cables together with cable ties (zip
ties), do not over-cinch them. You should be able to turn the tie
with fingers.
Keep cables away from devices which can introduce noise into
them. Here's a short list: copy machines, electric heaters,
speakers, printers, TV sets, fluorescent lights, copiers, welding
machines, microwave ovens, telephones, fans, elevators,
motors, electric ovens, dryers, washing machines, and shop
equipment.
Avoid stretching UTP cables (tension when pulling cables
should not exceed 25 LBS).
Do not run UTP cable outside of a building. It presents a very
dangerous lightning hazard!
Do not use a stapler to secure UTP cables. Use telephone
wire/RJ6 coaxial wire hangers which are available at most
hardware stores.
Standards
• Exist a lot of normativity and best practices for the
correct construction of cables:
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ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B
ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A
ANSI/TIA/EIA-607
ANSI/TIA/EIA-570-A
ISO/IEC 11801
Subsystem of a Structured Cabling System
• Horizontal Cabling
– Cable from patch panel to work area
– Telco outlets
– Cable terminations
– Cross-connections
– One transition point
– Maximum length – 100 meters
• 90 meters for cable
• 10 meters for 2 patch cables
Cabling Subsystem cont.
• Entrance Facility
– Point in the building
where
cable
interfaces with the
outside world
– May share the space
with the equipment
room
Structured Cabling in SOHO
IBM Cable Types
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Type 1A
Type 2A
Type 3
Type 5
Type 6
Type 8
Type 9
IBM Data Connector
SEGMENTACIÓN
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Existen dos razones principales para segmentar o
dividir una LAN.
Aislar el tráfico entre segmentos.
Obtener más ancho de banda por usuario para crear
dominios de colisiones pequeños.
Si no existiera la segmentación, las grandes redes
LAN rápidamente serian invadidas por tráfico y
colisiones, y provocaría virtualmente en falta de ancho
de banda. Los dispositivos como bridges, switches y
ruteadores segmentan la red LAN.
SEGMENTACIÓN
SEGMENTACIÓN
Bridge
• Es usada la segmentación usando bridge para
proporcionar mayor ancho de banda.
• El bridge permite sólo la información que tienen
destinación fuera del segmento.
• Aprende una segmentación de red para construir
tablas de direcciones que contienen las direcciones
de cada dispositivo de red dentro del segmento.
SEGMENTACIÓN
Bridge
SEGMENTACIÓN
Switch
• El propósito de la segmentación usando switch es que
es fácil reducir los cuellos de botella de red.
• Un switch segmenta una LAN dentro de
microsegmentos.
• El switch determina cual es la acción a tomar sobre la
información si esta localizada en otro segmento, la
información se transfiere o switchea a otra
destinación.
SEGMENTACIÓN
Switch
SEGMENTACIÓN
Router
• Los ruteadores crean los mayores niveles de
segmentación debido a su habilidad de realizar
determinaciones exactas de donde enviar la
información al usar su tabla de ruteo.
SEGMENTACIÓN
Router
Network Applications
• The network applications is the last past in the
construction of computer networks.
Internet Conections
• Actually conects to other networks is cruatil in
many home and organizations specially with
Internet.
• We need to rent a contract with a Internet
Service Provider to connect with remote
networks.
References
• Forouzan, B. (2008), Data Comunications and
Networking, 4th. Edition, McGraw-Hill.
• Tanenbaum, A (2004). Computer Networks. 4th
Edition. Prentice Hall.
• Kurose, J. and Ross, K. (2007) Computer
Networking: A Top Down Approach 4th edition.
Addison-Wesley, July 2007.
¿Preguntas?