Transcript Troubleshooting Tools Presentation

Troubleshooting Tools
Kyle Broussard and Alexandra Mikolai
Hardware Tools
Broken Cables
• Broken cables cause permanent disconnections, not
slowdowns
• Types of broken cables
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Open circuit
Short
Wire map problem
Crosstalk
Noise
Impedance mismatch
Cable Testers, TDRs, and OTDRs
• Cable testers tell you if there’s a continuity
problem or if a wire map is incorrect
• TDR and OTDR tell where the break in the
cable is
• TDR = time domain Reflectometers
• OTDR = optical time domain reflectometers
Cable Certifiers
• Certifiers test cable to ensure it can handle
its rated capacity
• Should use when there is a slowdown or to
eliminate cabling as the problem
Voltage Event Recorder/
Temperature Monitor
• Heat and power problems can manifest as
intermittent problems
• Use to monitor server rooms over time to
detect and record issues with electricity
and heat
Protocol Analyzers
• Monitor the different protocols running at
different layers on the network
• Helps to determine slowdowns on a
network by giving an idea of excess or
unexpected traffic
Cable Strippers, Snips, and Crimpers
• Used to make UTP cables
Multimeters
• Test voltage, resistance and continuity
• Only tool to read amount of voltage on a
line
• Used also for continuity testing if cable
tester is unavailable
Tone Probes/Generators
• Used together to help locate a particular
cable
Butt Sets
• Used to test whether a particular phone
line is working or not
Punchdown Tools
• Put UTP wires into 66- and 110-blocks.
• Only used diagnostically to repunch a
connection
Software Tools
Built-In Software
The traceroute Command
• Trace all routers between two points
• Diagnose where the problem lies when unable to reach remote
system
• Many routers block ICMP packets
The mtr Command
The ipconfig and ifconfig Commands
The ping and arping Commands
• Ping
• Uses ICMP packets to query by IP or name
• Works across routers
• Arping
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Use if ping doesn’t work
Uses ARP frames instead of ICMP packets
ARP frames do not cross routers, can only be used within broadcast domains
UNIX based systems
The nslookup/dig Commands
The hostname Command
The route Command
The nbtstat Command
• Windows only program
• Should always be ran with a switch
• Most useful switch is –n which shows the local NetBIOS names
• Useful way to see what systems are on your network
The netstat Command
Third-Party Software
Packet Sniffer
• Also called protocol analyzers
• Intercepts and logs packets
• Wireshark
Port Scanners
• Probes ports on other systems
• Used to look for unintentionally opened ports
• Used by hackers
• Nmap
Throughput Testers
• Measures data flow in a network
• Speedtest.net