Transcript Basic 3G Services

asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv6 for 3G
Gopinath Rao Sinniah
Asian Institute of Medicine, Science
and Technology (AIMST)
Towards IPv6 Globalisation
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Evolution of Spectrum
Digital mobile phone
Features :
-Phone call
- voice mail
- sms
Speed : 10kbps
2G
Speed : 144 kbps – 2Mbps
2.5G
Best technology now widely available
Features :
-Phone call/fax
- voice mail
- send & receive large email messages
-Web browsing
-Navigation / maps
-News updates
Speed : 64 – 144 kbps
Combines a mobile phone, laptop and tv
Features :
-Phone call/fax
- global roaming
-High-speed web
-Videoconferencing
-TV streaming
3G
4G
???
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
3G Spectrum allocations
Satellite dish
1000-1600 MHz
Includes air traffic
control, aerospace,
military, radar, GPS
and other satellite
communications.
118-137 MHz
Aviation use
(aircraft
navigation, etc.)
1710-1855 MHz
Spectrum targeted
for 3G
communications
500
0
76-88 MHz 88-108 MHz
FM radio
43-50 MHz
Older cordless
phones
2110-2150 MHz
Potential “3rd
generation” (3G)
cellular services
174-216 MHz
470-608 MHz
614-746 MHz
Broadcast TV/
medical telemetry
1000
1500
2345-2360 MHz
New digital
radio satellite
services
2000
1850-1990 MHz
Broadband
personal
communications
services
2400-2483 MHz
Newest cordless
“spread spectrum”
phones; “Wi-Fi”
wireless networking
systems
2290-2300 MHz
Government
deep-space-toEarth
communications
2500
2500-2690 MHz
Potential “3rd
generation” (3G)
cellular services
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
3G System Capabilities …
Interoperability and roaming
Common billing / user profiles:



Sharing of usage/rate information between
service providers
Standardized call detail recording
Standardized user profiles
Capability to determine geographic
position of mobiles and report it to both the
network and the mobile terminal
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Basic 3G Services
Multimedia
integration of music, video and voice such as
video-phones, video-on-demand and MMS
(already available)
Location-based services
exp. Map guide to nearest destination
similar like GPS technology

M-commerce
e-commerce to mobile terminals, exp. Ordering
goods, checking bank account

asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
3G System Capabilities
WCDMA - Capability to support circuit and
packet data at high bit rates
3G-WCDMA
2000
1500
1000
500
0
k bits
High Mobility
(moving vehicle)
Pedestrian
Fixed Location
144
384
2000
W-CDMA
Source : http://www.3g-generation.com
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Examples of 3G applications
Scenario 1
Ah!. It’s an old
presentation…
Let me get the new
presentation using my
3G phone.
New presentation is sent
by his colleague from the
office. It is downloaded
into his 3G terminal and
transferred to his laptop
(wireless)
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Scenario 2 –
Shopping
Scenario 3 Travelling
A busy executive doing her grocery shopping
hasn’t had time to queue at a teller machine, but
cash is not needed. At the check-out, she uses
her 3G terminal to pay for the groceries. It
automatically debits her bank account, and
gives her an updated balance on request.
A young traveller has once again missed the train.
Luckily, he has downloaded some of his favorite
music from a web store. He's also got a pair of
stereo headphones to use with the communication
device. Seeing that one of his friends is on-line, he
invites the friend to a peaceful game of chess.
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Preparing towards 3G
Web must be compressed


Wireless Markup Language (WML)
cHTML
Video – compression (MPEG4)
Terminal handover management
IPv6 header eliminated in Voice (ROHC)
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Why IPv6 ?
Address space problem

Projected 1 billion mobiles by 2005
Not enough IPv4 addresses especially in Asia
Exmp. In China, there are 8 million IPv4 address and
50+ million handsets

IPv6 addresses - 340 undecillion addresses
(340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456).


We can address the terminals
Eliminate the use of NAT
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Why IPv6 ?
Security built in


IPv6 includes packet encryption and source
authentication (IPsec)
Extension header (AH & ESP)
Autoconfiguration


Stateful (DHCP)
Stateless
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Why IPv6 ?
Quality of Service (QoS) for real time
services


DiffServ and IntServ applicable for both IPv4
and IPv6
20 bit flow label for QoS
IP Mobility

Part of IPv6 (MIP6)
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv6 status for cellular telephony
Has been mandated for 3GPP
MWIF recommendation for IPv6
IETF design team designated for
fast/smooth/seamless handover
Smooth evolusion from GPRS
ROHC WG considering header
compression
Mobile IPv6 should be mandated after
Proposed Standard
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv4 to IPv6 transition in 3GPP
GPRS Scenario
Dual Stack UE connecting to IPv4
and IPv6 nodes
IPv6 UE connecting to an IPv6
node through an IPv4 network
IPv4 UE connecting to an IPv4
node through an IPv6 network
Dual IPv4 / IPv6 stack
Tunneling
IPv6 UE connecting to an IPv4
node
IPv4 UE connecting to an IPv6
node
Translator
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Dual IPv4/IPv6 Stack
IPv4
Network
IPv4
host
RBS
Dual Stack
v4/v6 host
GGSN
Dual stack
Router
IPv4 / IPv6 PDP
Context
IPv6
Network
IPv6
host
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Tunneling
IPv4
Network
IPv6
Network
RBS
IPv6
Network
GGSN
IPv6
host
IPv6
host
v6/v4
Routers
IPv6 PDP
Context
IPv6
Network
IPv4
Network
RBS
GGSN
IPv4
host
IPv4 PDP
Context
IPv4
Network
IPv4
host
v4/v6
Routers
Tunneling
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Implementation
Backbone (IPv6
Operator services/ intanet
(IPv6)
MT in IPv6
mode
IPv6 PDP
context
GGSN
AP1
IPv6
Dual stack
mobile
terminals
6in4 tunnel
IPv6/IPv4
gateway
Dual stack host
SGSN
GPRS Core
AP2
IPv6
IPv4 Network
SGSN
Edge Router
AP3
IPv4
MT in IPv4
mode
Native IPv4 host
6to4 tunnel
IPv4 PDP
context
Dual Stack
Router
External services (IPv6)
backbone (IPv4)
GGSN
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
PDP contexts to IPv6 links
Link 1
PDP Context A
GGSN
ISP X
PDP Context B
Link 2
ISP Y
PDP Context C
Link 3
PDP Context D
ISP Z
Link 4
PDP Context E
PPP
TE
(Laptop)
GGSN
MT
(Handset)
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv6 and 3G
Methods to obtain IPv6 address


Static
Dynamic
Stateless
Stateful – using DHCPv6
3G UE has no unique identifier like
Ethernet nodes
Stateless configuration is different in 3G

It is based on PPPv6 configuration
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Static IPv6 address allocation
1Activate
PDP Message
(PDP type=IPv6, PDP address =IPv6 address)
2Create
SGSN
MT
GPRS Core Network
3Create
4Activate
PDP Context
accept Message
PDP message
PDP Context
Response
GGSN
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
MT
BSS / UTRAN
SGSN
GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request (PDP type = IPv6, PDP Address = empty, …)
2. Create PDP Context request
MT extracts
Interface-ID
from the link
local address
3. Create PDP context response (PDP
address = link local address, ..)
4. Activate PDP context accept
GGSN configured
to advertise only
one network prefix
5. Router Solicitation
6. Router Advertisement (M flag = 0, Network Prefix…)
7. Neighbor Solicitation
8. GGSN initiated PDP context modification procedure
GGSN updates the
SGSN and MT
with the full IPv6
address
Neighbor solicitation
message shall be
discarded by the
GGSN except if part
of the neighbor
unreachability
detection
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Recommendation from IPv6 WG to 3GPP
Specify that multiple prefixes may be
assigned to each primary context
Each prefixes must not be assigned to
more than one primary PDP context
Allow 3GPP nodes to use multiple
identifiers within those prefixes, including
randomly generated identifiers
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Quality of Service in 3G
What is QoS ?
A video phone application requires:
The application is compatible with that used by the
phoned party
The cost is not prohibitive
There is a network path available to the other party
The user knows the IP address of the terminal the other
user
The end terminals can reassemble the data packets into
a sensible order
The end terminals understand how to handle errors in
packets
The packets arrived at the minimum length of time
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
QoS Management during handover
Illustration of how handover can affect reservation based QoS
Reservations here are not
needed after handover
Handover to new wireless access
router. Data reaches the node, but
QoS reservation is lost
Data packets
Reservation at this node is
directed towards the wrong
port
No reservation exists at this
node
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Use of context transfer protocol
Signalling information is passed
from old to new access router
Incoming data packets
This allows the new access router to
transmit incoming IP packets over the
wireless network in a QoS controlled
manner
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv6 QoS for 3G – Differentiated Services
DiffServ defines 3 classes



Expedited forwarding (EF)
Assured Forwarding (AF)
Best Effort (BE)
Difference between wireless QoS and LAN
QoS

Performance condition in wireless changes
drastically when terminal is moving
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv6 QoS for 3G – Differentiated Services
2 level of management


Intracell management – managed by Access
router
Intercell management – managed by Edge
router
QoS signaling can be encoded part of
IPv6 flow label field but restricted to local
access network
ICMPv6 as second method of signaling
command
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Towards 4G (2007 ~ 2010)
High speed internet access (100Mbps)
Rich content transmission
Research Into…..
Electromagnetic compatibility
High-temperature superconductors
Ultra-low-noise technologies
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Summary and Conclusion
Future Internet is largely wireless / mobile
IPv6 addressability needed for billions of
wireless devices
Mobile IPv6 is better and more efficient
than Mobile IPv4
Autoconfiguration is suitable for the mobile
Internet
Security is the key component for success
Seamless handover
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Resources
3rd Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP) (http://www.3gpp.org)
http://www.3g-generation.com
3G Newsroom
(http://www.3gnewsroom.com)
Nokia (http://www.nokia.com/ipv6)
Ericsson (http://www.ericsson.com)
RFC 3314 – Recommendation for IPv6 in
3GPP standards
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Thank You
Gopinath Rao Sinniah
[email protected]
Towards IPv6 Globalisation