Transcript slides - Terena

Baseline studies of an NREN and the whole
GÉANT network
Anastasios Zafeiropoulos, GRNET
GN3 Green networking: advances in environmental
policy and practice
Utrecht, 05-06/03/2012
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Outline
Introduction – Energy efficiency demand
Green GÉANT Team: GHG reports
GÉANT GHG Report
GRNET GHG Report
Comparative data – Statistics
Green GRNET activities
Next Steps
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Introduction
The energy consumption of the Internet is exploding
increasing number of devices connected to it
continuous expansion of networks
explosion of traffic volume fuelled by video and mobile data
applications
ICT sector accounts for more than 2% of global carbon emissions.
Energy expenses constitute nearly 25% of the total network costs.
Restrictions on carbon footprints and increased emphasis on corporate
responsibility.
The energy consumption of the Internet will be one of the main
challenges that technology will have to face in the future.
First step is to measure – Then, to act in order to reduce consumption
and emissions
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Energy savings
40
OPEX estimation related to energy costs for the European
telcos’ network infrastructures in the “Business-As-Usual”
(BAU) and in the Eco sustainable (ECO) scenarios, and
cumulative savings between the two scenarios.
BAU
ECO
30
20
Source: R. Bolla, R. Bruschi, F. Davoli, F. Cucchietti, “Energy
Efficiency in the Future Internet: A Survey of Existing Approaches
and Trends in Energy-Aware Fixed Network Infrastructures,” IEEE
Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 223-244, 2nd
Qr. 2011.
10
0
2005
2010
2015
2020
Year
OPEX savings
4
Energy consumption estimation for the European
telcos’ network infrastructures in the “BusinessAs-Usual” (BAU) and in the Eco sustainable
(ECO) scenarios, and cumulative energy savings
between the two scenarios.
Source: European Commission DG INFSO report
BAU
ECO
billion $
Energy Consumption [TWh]
Energy consumption trend and
potential energy saving
3
2
1
0
2005
2010
2015
2020
Year
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GÉANT Green Team – GHG audits
Measuring and monitoring GHG emissions are essential
features of a strategy to reduce such emissions.
The GÉANT Green Team has been carrying out audits of
the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of NRENs and the
GÉANT pan-European network.
The Green Team has adopted the ISO 14064 standard for
its carbon audits.
A common scheme or template for their networks has been
adopted, to enable the audits to be carried out in a
methodical and consistent manner.
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GÉANT Green Team – GHG audits
The ISO standard and associated sources refer collectively to the
greenhouse gases.
The standard lists 26 such gases, each with its own global-warming
potential.
The predominant gas is Carbon Dioxide, CO2, but there are several
other reasonably familiar chemicals, such as Methane (CH4), Nitrous
Oxide (N2O), and the Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
As CO2 is the largest component of GHG emissions, it is often used as
the reference for all such gases.
The exclusion of other GHGs does not affect the overall results
significantly, as CO2 has by far the largest share in global GHG
emissions.
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Completed NREN GHG audits
Network
Type of Research and
Education Network
Responsible
Partner
Year
GÉANT
Pan-European (30+ countries)
DANTE, UNI-C
2009
HEAnet
National
HEAnet
2009
HUNGARnet
National
NIIF
2009
NORDUnet
Regional (5 countries)
UNI-C
2009
PIONIER
National
PSNC
2009
SURFnet
National
SURFnet
2010
GRNET
National
GRNET
2010
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Organizational components for the
GHG inventory
Office emissions from heating, air conditioning and electricity
the office space, whether owned or leased, used by an NREN to
house its staff.
Network Backbone
equipment managed by the NREN as part of its backbone network.
dark fibre and associated equipment, and access circuits if they are
dark fibre.
leased wavelength circuits.
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) that is managed by the
NREN.
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Organizational components for the
GHG inventory
Data centers
the data centers used by the NRENs, whether owned or rented, are
facilities that consume significant amounts of electrical power.
Transportation
transportation used by staff in carrying out their duties for the NREN
– transportation involved in commuting to and from work
– transportation necessitated by travel for the NREN (travel to
work at off-site facilities, attendance at conferences, meetings
with clients at their institutions, etc.)
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GÉANT GHG Audit
Organizational Boundaries
direct and indirect GÉANT-related emissions of the
offices, data centers, and network links owned or leased
by DANTE.
the emissions produced by business and commuting
travelling by the employees.
Direct Emissions
DANTE does not own any car or other transportation
vehicle or any other source of direct emission of the
GHGs listed below.
the direct Carbon Dioxide equivalence (CO2-eq)
emission is 0 tons CO2-eq.
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GÉANT topology
GÉANT topology –
June 2011
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GÉANT GHG Audit – Indirect
emissions
Office emissions from heating, air conditioning and electricity
the DANTE main office values are based on bills from the electricity
and gas providers.
energy consumption in DANTE offices including the NOC.
totally 243 tons CO2-eq.
Data centers
the electricity consumption figures for the data center hosted
equipment are based on detailed data sheet specifications.
PUE factors are in general not yet available from most data centers
and therefore a common PUE factor of 1,7, based on
measurements at UNI-C’s data center during 2009.
totally 1094 tons CO2-eq.
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GÉANT GHG Audit – Indirect
emissions
Network Backbone
all equipment managed by the GÉANT as part of its backbone
network. It includes any dark fibre and associated equipment, and
access circuits if they are dark fibre, as well as leased wavelength
circuits.
the values are based on detailed equipment specifications.
a PUE factor of 1,7 has been applied to the theoretical values.
leased lines amounting to a total length of 69130 km provide a
considerable part of the GÉANT connectivity, accounting for an
estimated 10% share of the backbone electricity consumption.
to calculate the emissions from these leased wavelengths, a
“European mean” of 700g CO2-eq/kWh has been used.
totally 582 tons CO2-eq.
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GÉANT GHG Audit – Indirect
emissions
Transportation
These, so-called “scope three” emissions, are partly estimated
(commuting), partly traced back from company records (business
travelling).
For transportation by car, taxi, bus or train, the distance travelled is
multiplied by the matching GHG emission coefficients published
from the public national information source. For flight transportation,
the emission by each trip has been calculated using the
International Civil Aviation Organisation’s (ICAO’s) CO2 calculator.
Totally 582 tons CO2-eq.
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GRNET GHG Audit
This is the first GHG inventory for GRNET, covering the year January
2010 to December 2010.
This period will serve as historical base year as well as base year for
this inventory.
Data Sources
Real time measurements
Manufacturers datasheets and technical documentation
Online database for network equipment
Emission factors from Public Power Corporation S.A reports
GHG emission of heating with a gasoil boiler http://www.nef.org.uk/greencompany/co2calculator.htm
Transportation – input from questionnaire and emission factors from
http://www.greenpeace.org/greece/el/getinvolved/137368/137462/
and http://www.carbonfootprint.com/calculator.aspx
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Scope 1: Direct GHG Emissions
GRNET does not own any car or other form of motorized transport
which causes direct or combustion related emissions of the GHGs listed.
GRNET makes use of approximately 45 locations varying in size from a
small computer room (a few square meters) to locations with more than
120 square meters.
Typically the larger DataCenters make use of oil powered generators as
a backup for mains electricity.
The use of those oil powered generators is generally restricted to
outages and interruptions of mains electricity and periodic operational
testing.
The total Scope 1 CO2-eq emission is 0 tons.
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Scope 2: Indirect GHG Emissions Office
Office: leased premises
electricity usage for the office itself.
electricity for building services.
computer room.
total energy consumption in offices: 139.604 KWh  142,54 tons
CO2-eq.
1.346 litre of oil  4,1 tons CO2-eq.
energy consumption from communal bills: 81.992,3 KWh  83,71
tons CO2-eq.
totally 230,35 tons CO2-eq.
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Scope 2: Indirect GHG Emissions –
Backbone Network
Backbone Network
new generation optical fiber
network based on WDM
technology at high speeds (110 Gbps).
the core network is formed by
IP routers that are
interconnected with PoS 2.5
Gbps circuits over 10Gbps
wavelengths that are
implemented via owned
DWDM equipment.
L2 network based on Ethernet
equipment
totally 445.340 KWh 
909,39 tons CO2-eq.
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Scope 2: Indirect GHG Emissions –
Data Centers
GRNET owns two data centers where high-density computational and
storage equipment is installed.
the first data center is hosted in the National Hellenic Research
Foundation. This data center hosts the GÉANT Point of Presence
(PoP) in Athens as well as a HellasGrid site (Grid node).
– there are 10 racks with servers and 14 racks with telecom
equipment.
– average energy consumption for the GÉANT PoP is 63 kW; for
the Grid node it is 67 kW.
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Scope 2: Indirect GHG Emissions –
Data Centers
The second GRNET data center is located within the premises of the
Greek Ministry of Education, Lifelong Learning and Religious Affairs.
– 4 racks are hosting servers and 2 racks storage equipment, but
GRNET is currently loading 18 extra racks with computational
and storage equipment.
– average energy consumption around 90 kW.
GRNET operates the HellasGrid infrastructure that consists of 6 Grid
Nodes including the previously mentioned one in NHRF.
Totally 3.300,33 KWh  6600,66 tons CO2-eq
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Scope 3: Other indirect GHG
emissions - Transportation
Transportation is necessitated for GRNET staff in commuting to and
from work, and in the normal course of work.
Transportation “on mission”, for instance, is involved in attending
projects’ meetings, or in carrying out on-site maintenance at a network
PoP.
The sources of these emissions arise from the following sources:
Gasoline and diesel fuel: used by private cars, motorbikes, taxis,
buses, and trains.
Aviation fuel: used by aircraft for air travel.
Electricity: used by trains and trams.
31,14 tons CO2-eq are emitted due to personnel commuting.
93,7 tons CO2-eq are emitted due to personnel flights.
Totally for transportation: 124,84 tons CO2-eq.
Totally for GRNET: 7865 tons CO2-eq.
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GRNET GHG Audit - Uncertainties on
the Accuracy of the Data
Uncertainties exist in the estimations of emissions that are due to
transportation, since the accurate and updated emission factors per
type of transportation were not available.
Regarding the energy consumption in the GRNET network and data
centers, uncertainties exist due to the estimation of data in cases where
real time monitoring of energy consumption of the computational,
storage and networking equipment was not available.
An uncertainty with minor impact to the total tons of CO2 emitted by
GRNET has to do with energy consumption from the electricity used by
the offices for the building services (lifts, security, lighting) in communal
places.
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Comparative data - Statistics
2500
GHG emissions (tons)
80%
2000
GHG emissions percentages
70%
60%
1500
NORDUnet
HEAnet
1000
500
PSNC
40%
NIIF
30%
GÉANT
20%
0
Office
50%
Office
Data centre
Core
network
Transport
10%
Data
centre
Core
network
Transport
Total
0%
GHG emissions (tons)
8,000.00
7,000.00
NORDUnet GHG emissions
6,000.00
Office,
13%
5,000.00
4,000.00
SURFnet
3,000.00
GRNet
Transport
, 41%
2,000.00
1,000.00
0.00
Office
Data
centre
Core
network
Transport
Total
Core
network,
12%
Data
centre,
34%
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Comparative data - Statistics
GÉANT GHG emissions
1600
Office, 12%
Transport,
6%
1800
Electricity Usage
Core
network,
28%
1400
Data
centre,
54%
MWh/year
1200
1000
Office
800
Data centres
Backbone
600
GRNet GHG emissions
Core
network,
11.56%
Transport,
1.59%
Office,
2.93%
400
200
0
Data centre,
83.92%
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Green GRNET activities
GRNET joined the Green GÉANT Team in 2011.
GRNET participates to the FP7 ECONET (low Energy COnsumption
NETworks) IP project.
GRNET participates to the FP7 6DPELOY-2 and GEN6 project
IPv6 as an enabler for energy efficiency in ICT.
in a pilot installation, a large number of smart energy meters placed
in different geographical areas will be interconnected, creating an
IPv6 network of Internet connected objects.
GRNET is planning to install a green data center outdoors in the
northwest part of mainland Greece, close to a power-production hydroelectric plant facility.
GRNET is taking actions for improving energy efficiency in its data
centers.
GRNET’s environmental policy is defined in 2011.
More at: http://green.grnet.gr
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Next steps
To recruit more NRENs in environmental policy and practice, promoting
the added value of NRENs, and working with others to meet the targets
of carbon neutrality.
To collect and disseminate best practices and results to research and
academic community.
To set targets for efficiency and for use of carbon offsets based on the
data available on the reports.
To increase the uptake of services which are based on or which
generate carbon reduction effects, such as virtualisation, teleworking,
videoconferencing etc.
To further develop NREN insights and practices on Green IT, so that
others may benefit.
To “push” NRENs to improve energy efficiency in networking and
computational infrastructures.
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Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
http://green.grnet.gr
https://twitter.com/#!/GreenGRnet
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