Unit 2 - Classical Civilizations PPT
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Transcript Unit 2 - Classical Civilizations PPT
UNIT 2
PART 1
THE CLASSICAL ERA IN THE
WEST
THE BIG QUESTIONS
What factors caused the rise of Persia, Greece, and
Rome?
What were the major accomplishments of these
“classical civilizations”?
How were these civilizations shaped by their
religious and philosophical beliefs and by the rule of
law?
PERSIA
Persia
Political developments –
• Created the largest empire up to its time
(more than 3,000 miles – from the Nile to
the Indus)
• Divided the empire into provinces
• Provinces were ruled by a group of local
officials loyal to the Persian king.
Persia
Economy –
Provinces
profited from extensive trade
throughout the Persian Empire
Provinces paid tributes (payment as a sign
of submission) to the king
The government collected taxes from
throughout the provinces
Agriculture was important for economic
stability
Persia
Religion –
At
first, were polytheistic
Zoroastrianism was introduced in 570 B.C.
Taught
there were two gods (1. god of truth, light, and
goodness and 2. god of darkness and evil)
Earth was a battleground between these two forces
People leading good lives would eventually go to
Heaven, and those who were evil would be doomed to a
fiery hell
Persia
Innovations –
Built
a network of public roads
Uniform set of weights and measures
New cities
Achievements –
Use of money
Postal service
Persia & Greece Crash Course Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-mkVSasZIM
GREECE
How does Greece’s
geography differ from
the river valleys?
It lacks a major river
and is almost
surrounded by the sea.
What geographic
features caused Greek
cities to be cut off
from one another?
Mountains and the
sea.
Left Side
Draw a map of Greece
Locate and label:
Athens
Sparta
Crete
The Aegean Sea
The Ionian Sea
Mt. Olympus
Draw the mountains - ^
Color:
Greece – Green
Water - Blue
^^^^
Early Greek Civilization
The Minoans – flourished on the island of Crete (2000
B.C.)
Developed own form of writing
Used copper and bronze
Skilled ship builders
Mysteriously collapsed around 1400 B.C.
The Myceneans – on mainland Greece and the coast
of Asia Minor (1400 B.C. – 1200 B.C.)
Established cities
Warriors
The Dorians – conquered the Greek mainland
around 1200 B.C.
Ruled during the Dark Age
Learning, the economy, and trade declined
Greek Culture
Individual city-states (polis)
Common language and traditions
Same religious beliefs
Close economic ties
Warm-up for Sparta vs. Athens
http://vimeo.com/26726577
COMPARING THE CITY-STATES
Sparta – the military state
Athens – the democratic state
Create a comparison chart of Sparta and Athens.
Include the following headings:
Political system
Education
Social Roles
Culture
COMPARING SPARTA AND ATHENS
SPARTA
TYPE OF
GOVERNMENT
STATE
CULTURE
MEN'S
SOCIAL ROLE
WOMEN'S
SOCIAL ROLE
CHILDREN &
EDUCATION
ATHENS
Left Side
How was Athenian democracy different from
American democracy today?
THE GREEK AND PERSIAN WARS
As part of your notes, complete the Textbook
Scavenger Hunt about the Greek and Persian wars.
Decisive Battles – History Channel Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Sfmn3hff4
THE GOLDEN AGE OF GREEK CULTURE
Pericles, the leader of Athens, led the Greeks into a
“Golden Age” following their victory over the Persians.
Complete the worksheet on the Golden Age of Athens.
Turn in the questions, and put the outline in your
notes.
Complete the first page of “Greek Geeks” and put it in
your notebook.
PELOPONNESIAN WARS (432 B.C. – 404 B.C.)
Causes:
Rivalries between Sparta and their allies and Athens and their
allies
Athens used its power to force some other city-states to pay
them taxes
Sparta declared war on Athens and, after 30 years of
fighting, emerged as the victor.
Results:
City-states were weakened
Poverty was wide-spread and Athens was devastated
Sparta became the leading city-state
These problems led to takeover by outsiders
HELLENISTIC GREECE
In 338 B.C. the king of Macedonia (Philip II) brought
all Greek city-states under his control.
His son, Alexander the Great, went on to conquer
most of the Mediterranean world, including Egypt
and Persia (as far as the Indus River).
Alexander spread Greek culture throughout his new
empire.
Blended Greek and Persian cultures
Built new cities
Encouraged learning and philosophy
Complete page 2 of “Greek Geeks” and add to your
notebook.
MAPPING ALEXANDER THE GREAT
We will complete the mapping activity in class.
Homework:
Answer the discussion and short answer questions
on a separate sheet of paper. Write the question and
the answer.
Activity
Define the following vocabulary words and draw a
picture OR write a sentence (intelligent and
complete, please) to demonstrate understanding. I
prefer a chart like we used for Unit 1.
Direct Democracy
Indirect Democracy
Hellenistic
Oligarchy
Republic
Empire
THE “GRANDEUR” OF ROME
ROME
Geography
Located
on a fertile plain in the center of Italy
Close to the west coast
At a cross roads for trade and transportation
Protected from invaders by mountains and the
sea
Influences
Etruscans – building, dress, organization of the army
Greeks – religion, the alphabet, architecture, literature,
art
LEFT SIDE
Draw a map of Rome and label the following
(refer to page 150 in your textbook)
Rome
The
Po River
The Tiber River
Adriatic Sea
Draw the mountains as geographic features
Color the water blue and Rome Green
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
Rome had two social classes
Patricians
– wealthy landowners
Plebeians – small farmers, craftsmen, and
merchants
In early Rome, the king was overthrown and made into a
republic (government by representatives)
Senate – a patrician assembly (held the most power)
Consuls – elected officials
Tribunes – speakers who represented the plebeians
LEFT SIDE
Diagram the Roman government (we will do this in
class)
THE RULE OF ROMAN LAW
Government officials were not above the law and
could not act outside the law
THE TWELVE TABLES
Issued by the Republic and placed in public meeting places
Protected the plebeians
Covered civil, criminal, and religious law
Provided a foundation for later law codes
All citizens were “equal under the law”
Contributed concept of a contract and established
rules for property ownership
Established legal processes (court trials, appeals, innocent
until proven guilty)
REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE
The Punic Wars – a series of three wars with
Carthage
Destroyed Carthage, its main trading rival
Acquired territories in Spain, North Africa and the Eastern
Mediterranean
Julius Caesar completed the conquest of Spain and
Gaul ( present-day France)
Became dictator for life
Fearing their loss of power and freedom, leading senators
assassinated him in 44 B.C.
LEFT SIDE
Create a flow chart of events from republic to empire
Punic Wars
Marius
Sula
1st Triumvirate
Julius Caesar
2nd Triumvirate
Augustus
Briefly describe each one
THE
COLISEUM
CIRCUS
MAXIMUS
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Augustus Caesar (heir to Julius Caesar) emerged as
Rome’s first emperor
Assumed monarch-like powers
Preserved Rome’s republican institutions
Removed corrupt officials
His successors were worshipped as gods and greatly
expanded Rome’s territory
LEFT SIDE: Draw the boundaries of the Roman Empire and
label the main territories, seas, and ocean on your map handout
PAX ROMANA
“The Roman Peace” (27 B.C. – 395 A.D.)
A long period of peace ushered in by Augustus
Great engineering feats
Concrete for large buildings
A network of nearly 50,000 miles of roads and bridges
New cities
aqueducts
Rome was a center of commerce, communication,
trade, politics, culture, and military power
Expansion changed its basic character
Professional armies loyal to its generals
Large force of slaves performed much of its labor
Continued…
Public entertainment to keep the poor occupied
Gladiator games in stadiums like the coliseum and Circus
Maximus
Bread and circuses
Women
Passed from the authority of their fathers to that of their
husbands
Could not hold office
More equality than in Greek society
Could own property and make wills
LEFT SIDE
Create an ad for one of the Roman technologies or
entertainments from the Pax Romana period. Make
it neat, colorful, and informative!
RELIGION IN ROME
In early times, the Romans adopted the Greek deities
During the empire, the emperors were worshipped as
gods
Jewish Diaspora (dispersion)
Jews refused to worship emperor
Revolts in 66 A.D. and 135 A.D.
Romans destroyed the Jewish temple in Jerusalem
and drove the Jews out of Israel
Religion continued…
The Rise of Christianity
Based
on the teachings of Jesus who was
crucified by the Romans for his teachings
Spread by his followers who were persecuted for
their beliefs
The apostle, Paul, was famous for travelling
throughout the empire converting people to
Christianity
Eventually became the official religion of the
Empire
FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Rome began its decline in the third century A.D.
Later emperors tried to reverse the decline
In 284 A.D. divided into two parts to be governed more
efficiently
Constantine temporarily reunited the empire and moved its
capital to Constantinople
In the late 300s Germanic tribes began entering the
empire
In 476 A.D. the last emperor in the west was
overthrown (the eastern empire, the Byzantine
Empire, survived for another thousand years)
LEFT SIDE
Using the information on pages 175-178 in your textbook,
create a diagram for the reasons for the decline of the Roman
Empire describing political, economic, and military
weaknesses, as well as invasions.
Ex.
Fall of the Roman Empire