Introduction to the Internet
Download
Report
Transcript Introduction to the Internet
Introduction to the Internet
Lecture 1
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
What is the Internet ?
• The Internet is a network of computers spanning the globe. It is
also called the World Wide Web.
• The World Wide Web is a collection of information stored on the
networked computers over the world.
• To access the Internet, an existing network need to pay a small
registration fee and agree to certain standards based on the
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
The uses of the Internet
• Send e-mail messages.
• Send (upload) or receive (down load) files between computers.
• Participate in discussion groups, such as mailing lists and
newsgroups.
• Surfing the web.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Web or Internet?
• They are not the same things.
• The Internet is a collection of computers or networking devices
connected together.
• They have communication between each other.
• The Web is a collection of documents that are interconnected by
hyper-links.
• These documents are accessed by web browsers and
provided by web servers.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• A commercial organization with permanent connection to the
Internet that sells temporary connections to subscribers.
• Examples:
• STC, ZAIN.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Internet Terminology
• Client
• Any computer on the network that requests services from
another computer on the network.
• Server
• Any computer that receives requests from client computers,
processes and sends the output.
• Web Page
• Any page that is hosted on the Internet.
• Home Page
• Each Web site contains a home page (this is the original
starting page) and may also contain additional pages.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Internet Terminology
Web Development
• The process of creating, modifying web pages.
Internet Browser
• An Internet Browser is a software program that enables you to view Web
pages on your computer. Browsers connect computers to the Internet,
and allow people to “surf the Web.” Ex: Internet Explorer
Web Server
• It is a program that waits for requests from the web browser. Ex: Apache.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
How does the Web work?
• The web information is stored in the Web pages.
In HTML format.
• The web pages are stored in the computers called Web servers.
In the Web server file system.
• The computer reading the pages is called web clients with
specific web browser.
Most commonly Internet Explorer or Netscape.
• The web server waits for the request from the web clients over
the Internet.
Internet Information Server (IIS) or Apache.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Internet protocols
Protocols
• Rules that describe the methods used for clients and servers to
communicate with each other over a network.
• HTTP
• Email Protocols
• TCP/IP
• FTP
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Hypertext transfer Protocols (HTTP)
Request/Response Model
Request
Client
Response
HTML Codes
<html>
…
</html>
Server
• Set of rules for exchanging files such as text, images, audio.
• Web browsers send HTTP requests for web pages and their
associated files.
• Web servers send HTTP responses back to the web browsers.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Program /
Scripts
E-mail protocols
Sending E-mail
• SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Receiving E-mail
• POP (POP3) Post Office Protocol
• IMAP Internet Mail Access Protocol
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Internet Protocol (IP)
• A set of rules that controls how data is sent between computers
on the Internet.
• IP routes a packet to the correct destination address.
• Once sent, the packet gets successively forwarded to the next
closest router (a hardware device designed to move network
traffic) until it reaches its destination.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
IP Address
• An Internet Protocol address is a numerical label assigned to
each device, IP address shows country, including down to the
city and post code level.
• Each device connected to the Internet has a unique numeric IP
address.
• These addresses consist of a set of four groups of numbers,
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol
• TCP/IP has been adopted as the
official communication protocol of
the Internet.
• TCP and IP have different functions
that work together to ensure
reliable communication over the
Internet.
• How data should be formatted,
addressed, transmitted, routed and
received at the destination.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Web developers commonly use FTP to
transfer web page files from their
computers to web servers.
• The hosting company will provide you
the FTP access details.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Layout of a Web Page
1.Title bar – tells you the name of the web page
2.Menu bar – has commands for moving around the webpage, printing, etc
3.Tool bar – short cuts to commands. Each picture represents a command
4.Address bar – webpage address. If you want to go directly to a web page,
you will need to know the address.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Domain Name
What is “Domain Name”?
• It is a unique name for your website. To get a domain name you
have to register the name from domain name registration
companies like eHost.com.
• Example: www.google.com
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• A type of URI (uniform resource identifier) which represents the
network location of a resource such as a web page, a graphic file,
or an MP3 file.
• It is a pointer to specific information on the internet. You can
think of it as street address for information on the internet.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Parts of a Web Address (URL)
• A web address is typically composed of four parts:
• For example, the address http://www.google.ca is made up of
the following areas:
• http://
This Web server uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This
is the most common protocol on the Internet.
• www
This site is on the World Wide Web.
• google
The Web server and site name.
• ca
This tells us it is a site in Canada.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Top-Level Domain Name (TLD)
• A top-level domain (TLD) identifies the right-most label of the domain
name.
• Endings of web page address (TLD) tells us a bit about the page.
Types of TLDs:
2. Country code such as:
1. Common endings such as:
• ca (Canada)
• com (commercial)
• uk (United Kingdom)
• edu (educational institution)
• sa (Saudi Arabia)
• us (United States of
• gov (government)
America)
• net (network)
• au (Australia)
• org (organization)
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
How to Search the Internet
Two basic ways
1. if you know the address of the web page (example: www.cbc.ca)
2. Using a search engine like Google to find the address. This is
called a keyword search
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Markup Languages
• A markup language is a computer language that use tags to
define elements within a document. It is human-readable,
meaning markup files contain standard words, rather than
typical programming syntax.
• Also it is:
• A language designed to format text.
• A markup language is just interpreted by the browser and not compiled.
• E.g. HTML.XML,XHTML and MML
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Markup Languages
• HTML – Hypertext Markup Language
• The set of markup symbols or codes placed in a file
intended for display on a web browser.
• XML – eXtensible Markup Langauge
• A text-based language designed to describe, deliver, and
exchange structured information.
• It is not intended to replace HTML -- it is intended to
extend the power of HTML by separating data from
presentation.
• XHTML – eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language
• It combines the formatting strengths of HTML 4.0 and
the data structure and extensibility strengths of XML.
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Markup Languages
• HTML5
• The next version of HTML 4 and XHTML 1
• http://www.w3.org/html/
• http://www.html5doctor.com
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Extra Reading?
• Top Ten Mistakes in Web Design:
http://www.nngroup.com/articles/top-10-mistakes-web-design/
(See other series)
• Web Accessibility:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_accessibility
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh
Questions !!
Development of Internet Application
1501CT - Sara Almudauh