Transcript 9.1 Cornell Notes on the Persian Wars

Cornell Notes
EQ – What are the causes and effects of the Persian
Wars?
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Cyrus the Great
Darius I of Persia
Greek Rebellion
Greco-Persian Wars
– Battle of Marathon
– Battle of Thermopylae
– Battle of Salamis
– Battle of Platea
Greece & Persia
~The Persian Wars~
Cyrus the Great
• Led a Persian revolt
against the Medes
• Won the revolt and
gained independence for
Persia
• This victory marks the
start of the Persian
Empire
• Let people keep customs
(so they don’t revolt)
• When he died, he ruled
the largest empire the
world had ever seen
• Strong army – Immortals
& cavalry.
Darius I of Persia
*After Cyrus dies, his son
Cambyses takes over – when
he dies, there is no heir
*Darius I, a young prince claims
the throne
*Good, strong leader
*Built roads, temples, and
wanted to expand Persian
Empire into Europe
*He is known to the Greeks as
the Great King.
Greek Rebellion!!
•In 499 BC several Greek
city-states rebel Persian
rule
•Greeks from mainland
helped by sending soldiers
•Eastern Greek colonies
were defeated anyway
•Darius I was angry at the
Greeks’ interference!
•He swore revenge!
Darius and the Persians
invade Greece!
~This invasions began a series of wars between Persia and Greece
know as the Greco Persian Wars.~
Battle of Marathon (490 BC)
The
Greeks
of
Athens
VS.
The
Persians
of Darius
Battle of Marathon (490 BC)
An Athenian,
Pheidippides,
runs to Sparta
for help….150
miles in 2
days…
VS.
But…the
Spartans
are busy
with a
religious
festivial.
Battle of Marathon (490 BC)
The Greeks have
11,000 soldiers, while
the Persians have
15,000 – but due to
better weapons &
clever leaders –
Greeks Win!
VS.
http://www.history.com/topics/battle-of-marathon/videos#engineeringan-empire-peter-on-the-battle-of-marathon
The same messenger
runs from Marathon to
Athens to bring the
news (26 miles.)
He exclaims “Rejoice!
We conquer!” and dies.
10 Years Later…Xerxes wants Revenge for
his Father, Darius!
Battle of Thermopylae  The Spartans vs. the Persians
Famous Battle of 300!
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/sparta/videos/spartansimplements-of-death
Battle of Thermopylae  Spartans, due to a Greek traitor, fight to their death.
The Greeks lose and the Persians seep into Athens burning the city.
Battle of Salamis
Good to Plan Ahead…
• In Athens they had found a vein of
silver…they mined it for its riches!
• Themistocles (a general) convinces the
Athenians to build a navy
• 200 boats
• Triremes
• Good thing…
Takes place at sea
The small Athenian boats
easily sink the Persian
boats.
Win for Greece!
Battle of Plataea Greek Army vs. Persian Army
Greeks win and save their homeland!