Transcript Chp 7
Chapter 7 Late Antiquity, 284-527 Learning Objectives: Questions to Consider • How were Diocletian and Constantine able to restore the Roman Empire? • How did the legalization and growing acceptance of Christianity affect life in the Roman Empire? • What were the reasons for the fall of the Western Roman Empire? • What kinds of social, political, and cultural changes occurred during Late Antiquity? The Restoration of the Roman Empire, 284–337 • Diocletian (r. 294-305) and the Return to Order – The Personality of Diocletian – Getting the Army Under Control • From Princeps to Dominus – Diocletian and the Economy – The Great Persecution, 303 The Restoration of the Roman Empire, 284–337 • The Tetrarchy and the Rise of Constantine – The Tetrarchy • Co-emperors and Alliances – Imperial Succession • Senior and Junior Emperors – The Collapse of the Tetrarchy • Constantine’s Victory at Milvian Bridge, 312 • The Edict of Milan The Restoration of the Roman Empire, 284–337 • Constantine (r. 306-337) and Late Roman Government – The Policies of Constantine • The Gold Solidus – The Foundation of Constantinople – Constantine and Imperial Succession – Late Roman Government The Restoration of the Roman Empire, 284–337 • Constantine (r. 306-337) and Late Roman Government – The Policies of Constantine • The Gold Solidus – The Foundation of Constantinople – Constantine and Imperial Succession – Late Roman Government • Masters of Soldiers The Christian Empire, 312-415 • Constantine and the Church – Favoring the Christians – Dealing with Christian Conflicts • Theological Disputes – The Arian Controversy • Debate over the Trinity – The Council of Nicaea, 325 • Condemnation of Heresy • The Nicene Creed The Christian Empire, 312-415 • The Impact of Christianity – Expansion • Attractions and Missionaries – Patrick, ca. 385-450 – Alternatives to Christianity • Apostasy • Neoplatonism • The Cult of Mithras The Christian Empire, 312-415 • The Christian Life – Worship • Attitudes toward Pagans • Holy Space: Church, Chapel, Chancel, and Nave – Lifestyles • Virtue and Expectation – Conversion • Augustine of Hippo and His Confessions – Baptism by Ambrose of Milan, 387 The Christian Empire, 312-415 • Christian Asceticism and Monasticism – Monks, Solitary and Communal • Abbots and Abbesses • Martin of Tours (ca. 316-397) – Holy Men and Women • The Power of the Church – The Consolidation of Christian Authority • Canon Law and the Vulgate of Jerome (ca. 347-420) – Christianity and the Roman Government • Theodosius I (r. 379-395) Late Romans and Their World • The Pursuit of Personal Security – The Senators • Rural Villas – – – – The Decurions The Economy Tenant Farmers (Coloni) Slaves Late Romans and Their World • New Opportunities – Within the Church • Economic and Official (example, Episcopal) – For Women • Pilgrimage – The Holy Land; the Church of the Holy Sepulcher • Melania the Elder (d. 410) • Literary Culture, Secular and Christian • The Changing Landscape: Urban Transformation The Fall of the Western Roman Empire, 364-476 • The Last Golden Age – Valentinian I (r. 364-375) and Valens (r. 364-378) – Problems on the Horizon • Barbarians and Rome – Barbarian Peoples The Fall of the Western Roman Empire, 364-476 • Roman-Barbarian Cultural Exchanges – Arrival of the Visigoths • Adrianople, 378 • Western Disintegration – Split and Invasions • Attila and the Battle of Châlons, 451 • The End of Western Empire – Puppet Emperors • The Deposition of Romulus by Odovacar, 476 • Interpretations of the Fall of the West The Post-Roman World, 400-527 • Romans and Barbarians – Interactions: Adaptation and Incompatibility – The Nature of the Post-Roman World • The Barbarian Kingdoms – Visigoths – Franks: the Conversion of Clovis (r. 481-511) and the Merovingians – The Ostrogoths: Theoderic the Great (r. 493526) – Bad Barbarians The Post-Roman World, 400-527 • Eastern Rome: the Byzantine Empire – The Emperor Theodosius II (r. 402-450) – The Threat of the Huns – The New Persians – Byzantine Politics – Byzantine Religion • Nestorians • Monophysites – The Emperor Justinian