Transcript chapter 9 7th gradex

The Rise of Rome
 Important Vocabulary
Romulus: legendary hero who founded Rome
Aeneas: hero of the Trojan War who settled in Italy after
Troy was destroyed
3. Remus: twin of Romulus
4. Republic: government in which citizens elect representatives
to rule in their name
5. Patricians: wealthy landowners who held high government
positions in ancient Rome
6. Plebians: commoners who were allowed to vote but not to
hold government office in ancient Rome
7. Senate: powerful body of 300 members that advised Roman
leaders
8. Consuls: officials who led executive branch
1.
2.
 Romans would like to date the history of Rome to
753bc
 Romulus is said to have founded Rome
 Legend: a popular story from earlier times that cannot
be proved
 Romulus and Remus: descendents of Aeneas founded
Rome. They were abandoned by their mother and
rescued by wolves. Romulus killed his brother Remus
and traced Rome’s boundaries around the Palatine
Hill.
 After Romulus ruled, the Etruscans conquered Rome.
Romans overthrew them and again had self rule They formed a REPUBLIC
 First settlers in Rome were Latins
 Chose this spot for climate, good farmland, strategic
location, built on 7 steep hills
 Located on the Mediterrean Sea for trade route
 Lay next to the Tiber River for farming and drinking
 Italian Peninsula: This position was easy for ships to
reach other lands also to
Conquer
2. Gain new territories
3. Trade routes
1.
 Romans worked small plots of land
 They grew:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Wheat
barley
Vegetables
Fruit
And later olives and grapes
 Disciplined
 Loyal
 Hard worker
 *These qualities helped Rome succeed
 2 Classes:
1.
2.
Patricians: wealthy land owners who held government
positions
Plebeians: commoners who were allowed to vote but not to
hold government office in ancient Rome
Tripartie Government 3 Branches
1. Legislative: makes laws, 300 members, senators were
Patricians and assembles were Plebeians
2. Judicial: interprets laws, 8 judges, one year term
3. Executive: enforces law, 2 consuls, one year term, command
army and direct government, also had power to veto
(override)
 Civil War: armed conflicts between groups in the same
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country
Julius Cesar: Roman General, politician, and dictator
Cicero: Roman Consul, speaker, and opponent of Cesar
Augustus: Julius Cesar’s great nephew and adopted son
who became first Roman Emperor
Civil Service: group of officials employed by the
government
Pax Romana: “Roman Peace”
 Uprising between rich and poor
 Plebeians and generals between patricians and
senators
 Julius Cesar came to power, named dictator for life,
assassinated
 Cesar’s enemy: Ciero (greatest speaker in Roman
history)
 After Cesar’s death, several leaders struggled to gain
power.
 Cesar-great nephew and adopted son Octavian or
Augustus
 Led to another civil war that destroyed Roman
Republic
 He became ruler after his defeat of the Republic-
 Augustus is the first emperor of Rome. He liked to be
called “First Citizen”.
 His reign called Pax Romana or “Roman Peace” 200
years His reign led to :
A strong government
2. Agriculture
3. Trade
4. Currency
1.
 Aqueducts: artificial channels that carry water,
sometimes over arched bridges
 Colosseum: Roman stadium where Romans watched
gladiator fights
 Gladiators: trained Roman warriors