Transcript The Classical Era - parkinsonworldhistory

The Classical Era
Juergen Horn, Melissa Gerrish,
Devan Bickford, Dyllan DuPont
The Minoans
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Bronze Age Civilization
On the island of Crete
2700-1450 B.C.
Influenced Greeks
Traded jewelry and pottery
Had an early form of taxes
Mycenae
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First Greek State
1600-1100 B.C.
Monarchy
Alliance of independent states
Hillside tombs
Strong warriors
Speculated to have conquered Minoans
Powerful, widespread trade all the way to Egypt
and Syria
• Invaded and sacked Troy
Battle of Troy
• Paris, Prince of Troy, stole Helen from the
King of Sparta
• Greece retaliates and sends a thousand ships
to siege the city of Troy
• Greeks sneak inside the City in a giant
wooden horse
• One of the most famous stories in Greek
history
Trojan War Map
Dark Age Greeks
• Used iron instead of earlier bronze
• Improved upon Phoenecian alphabet
• Age of Homer, author of Iliad and Odyssey
Sparta
• Founded city-state over previously
conquered Laconians
• Used helots (slaves) for menial work
• Military state for Greece
• Oligarchy w/ two kings
• Had an elected council of five men to
regulate education
• “Forfeit is not an option in war.”
Athens
• Democracy
• Unified Polis
• Ruled islands through an agreement through the
Delian League
• One-third of the population were slaves
• Grew grains, vegetables and fruits
• Leading trade center
• Hub of arts, music, and philosophy
Columns
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Used columns in abundance
Influenced today’s architecture
Held up roofs
Three types
– Ionic – Standard; used everywhere
– Doric – Swirly tops
– Corinthian - leaves on top
Battle of Marathon
• First Persian invasion of Greece
• Took place on plain of Marathon
• Although outnumbered, Athenians defeated
Persians
Socrates
• 470-399 B.C.
• Philosopher and
sculptor
• Was sentenced to
death after the
Peloponnesian War for
“corrupting” the youth
• Never wrote down his
thoughts
Plato
• Pupil of Socrates
• Had a fascination with
“reality”
• “How do we know
what is real?”
• Wrote the Allegory of
the Cave theory
Aristotle
• Established The
Academy, a school for
philosophy
• Pupil of Plato
• Taught Alexander the
Great
Alexander The Great
• Pupil of Aristotle
• Tried to conquer the
world
– Failed, but came pretty
close
• Died of tuberculosis or
drinking
Rome
• Republic in southern Europe
• Known for many advancements in eclectic
areas such as
– War
– Architecture
– Art
Spartacus
• Roman Slave of the first Century B.C.
• Led the slave rebellion
– Defeated many roman armies before being
crushed
Plebeians and Patricians
• Plebeians – less wealthy land owners
• Patricians – wealthy land owners
Carthage
• Ancient city of North Africa
• From Phonician quart Khadash “new town”
Hannibal
• Greatest Carthaginian General
• Struck back, starting the second Punic war
Julius Caesar
• Military leader that wanted to rule Rome
• Senate wanted Crassus to be emperor
– Caesar uses the military to become Dictator of
Rome
Augustus
• First Roman Emperor
• Created new system to govern the provinces
– Senate sent governors to the provinces that
weren’t directly ruled by the emperor
• Tried to conquer Germany
– Lost Varus in battle
• Roman head General
Nero
• Reputation as a bad guy
– Fiddles while Rome burns - Then builds
“Pleasure Palace” there
– Killed His mom – stabbed in the womb
– Thought he was an amazing artist; wasn’t really
• Started “FEMA”; first federal relief in
disasters
• Mom was overbearing and slightly insane
Hadrian
• Conquered Northern border of Britian
– Built a wall to defend the border
Trajan
• Made a super huge column in his honor
(still there today)
Caligula
• Crazy- caused by 105 degree fever for 5
days
• Named “Little boots” by army camp he
grew up in
• Reduced taxes & freed political prisoners
when he became emperor
• Fever = crazy = violent = horse as senate
rep.= praetorian guard killed him
Livia
• Wife and advisor of Agustus
Aeneid
• Aeneas establishes Rome in Italy, sets
Rome on their course to rule the world
• Written by Virgil
• Expresses Rome’s gift of art and ruling
• Rivaled the work of Homer
Roman Empire Leadership
• Leaders were emperors with a Senate for
advice
Sponge Stick
• Stick used to wash after using the bathroom
– Kept in a bucket of wine to keep sanitary
Marc Antony
• Politcal leader and General
• After Caesar’s assination, wnent into civil
war with Octavian(future Agustus) and lost
• Later commited suicide witk his lover
Cleopatra