Transcript 5.4 Alexander- Empire Builder

5.4 AlexanderEmpire Builder
I. Philip Builds Macedonia’s Power
• Macedonia’s location
– 1. Just North of Greece
• A. Philip’s Army
• Philip becomes king
– a. age: 23 yrs old
– b. date: 359 BC
• Philip’s unbeatable army= 2 fighting groups
– a. Phalanx
– b.
Calvary
Demosthenes,
an Athenian
orator tried to
warn the
Geeks of the
threat that
Philip & his
army posed
Before
Philip
After
Philip
B. Conquest of Greece
• 1. Two Greek city-states joined forces against Philip
– a. Athens
– b. Thebes
• 2. Result of their effort
– a. Too late; Philip takes control
• 3. Circumstances surrounding Philip’s death
– a. Stabbed to death at daughters’ wedding
• 4. Philips successor
– a. His son Alexander
II. Alexander Defeats Persia
• A. Invasion of Persia
• 1. Location where the 2 forces met
–a. Granicus River
• 2. The defeated Persian king
–b. Darius III
B. Alexander’s Ambitions Grow
• 1. Darius’ offer to Alexander
– a. Western 1/3 of the Persian Empire
• 2. Alexander is welcomed in Egypt & found the
great city of:
– b. Alexandria
(famous for a huge
stone lighthouse)
C.Conquering the Persian Empire
•1. The two powers meet in Mesopotamia
•2. Results of the battle
–a Alexander takes control of all of Persia
III.Alexander’s OtherConquests
A. Alexander in India
•1. Alexander wins a fierce battle in the Indus
River Valley but morale was low
–a. years spent fighting & miles marched
•1. 11 years
•2. 11,000 miles
Granicus
Gaugamela
Issus
Hydaspes
•2. Alexander’s Death
–a. Died of a “fever”
just before turning
33
B. Alexander’s Legacy
• 1. The 3 strongest generals divide the empire
– a. Antigonus controls
• 1. Macedonia
– b. Ptolemy controls
• 1. Egypt
– c. Secleucus controls
• 1. Most of the old Persian Empire
•2. Alexander’s conquests encouraged the birth of a
vibrant new culture that mixed a blend of Greek,
Egyptian, & Eastern customs
–a. Hellenistic Culture
IV. Hellenistic Culture
• A. Astronomy
– 1. Estimated that the –sun was larger
than the earth
– 2. Incorrectly placed the earth at the center of the solar
system
– 3. Computed the circumference of the earth
• A. 28,000-29,000 miles (24,860)
• B. Math & Physics
– 1. Euclid- Geometry- “The Elements”
Archimedes- Invented Archimedes
– 2. screw & compound pulley, Estimated
the value of pi
• C. Philosophy
– 1. Stoicism
• a. try to live in
harmony with god
• b. Human desires are
dangerous distractions
– 2. Epicureanism
• a. the gods don’t care
about people
• b. it’s ok to pursue
human pleasures
•D. Art
–1. Hellenistic artists will use more realism
Classical Artthe art of ancient Greece and Rome,
in which harmony, order, and
balance were
emphasized
Artimis
Alexander the
Great
Hellenistic Artreferring to the art of the Greek
world from the rein
of Alexander the Great to the late
second century;
More realistic/ more emotion than
classical art
Phillip
Alter to Zeus
Nike
(Winged
Victory) of
Sommthrace
Classical or
Hellenistic?
Themae
Boxer
Massimo
Apollo
Venus de Milo
Aphrodite
&
Hercules
Gaul
killing
himself
5.4 AlexanderEmpire Builder
I. Philip Builds Macedonia’s Power
• Macedonia’s location
– 1. Just North of Greece
• A. Philip’s Army
• Philip becomes king
– a. age: 23 yrs old
– b. date: 359 BC
• Philip’s unbeatable army= 2 fighting groups
– a. Phalanx
– b.
Calvary
Demosthenes,
an Athenian
orator tried to
warn the
Geeks of the
threat that
Philip & his
army posed
Before
Philip
After
Philip
B. Conquest of Greece
• 1. Two Greek city-states joined forces against Philip
– a. Athens
– b. Thebes
• 2. Result of their effort
– a. Too late; Philip takes control
• 3. Circumstances surrounding Philip’s death
– a. Stabbed to death at daughters’ wedding
• 4. Philips successor
– a. His son Alexander
II. Alexander Defeats Persia
• A. Invasion of Persia
• 1. Location where the 2 forces met
–a. Granicus River
• 2. The defeated Persian king
–b. Darius III
B. Alexander’s Ambitions Grow
• 1. Darius’ offer to Alexander
– a. Western 1/3 of the Persian Empire
• 2. Alexander is welcomed in Egypt & found the
great city of:
– b. Alexandria
(famous for a huge
stone lighthouse)
C.Conquering the Persian Empire
•1. The two powers meet in Mesopotamia
•2. Results of the battle
–a Alexander takes control of all of Persia
III.Alexander’s OtherConquests
A. Alexander in India
•1. Alexander wins a fierce battle in the Indus
River Valley but morale was low
–a. years spent fighting & miles marched
•1. 11 years
•2. 11,000 miles
Granicus
Gaugamela
Issus
Hydaspes
•2. Alexander’s Death
–a. Died of a “fever”
just before turning
33
B. Alexander’s Legacy
• 1. The 3 strongest generals divide the empire
– a. Antigonus controls
• 1. Macedonia
– b. Ptolemy controls
• 1. Egypt
– c. Secleucus controls
• 1. Most of the old Persian Empire
•2. Alexander’s conquests encouraged the birth of a
vibrant new culture that mixed a blend of Greek,
Egyptian, & Eastern customs
–a. Hellenistic Culture
Classical Artthe art of ancient Greece and Rome,
in which harmony, order, and
balance were
emphasized
Artimis
Alexander the
Great
Hellenistic Artreferring to the art of the Greek
world from the rein
of Alexander the Great to the late
second century;
More realistic/ more emotion than
classical art
Phillip
Alter to Zeus
Nike
(Winged
Victory) of
Sommthrace
Classical or
Hellenistic?
Themae
Boxer
Massimo
Apollo
Venus de Milo
Aphrodite
&
Hercules
Gaul
killing
himself