Transcript File

•Legend has it that
Rome was founded in
753 B.C. by two
brothers named
Romulus and Remus.
Image of Romulus and
Remus – courtesy of
Wikipedia Commons.
•They were nursed
and cared for by a
she-wolf.
1. Italy is a peninsular
country.
Map of Italy –
Image courtesy of
Wikipedia
Commons.
2. The Alps are the
northern border,
while the Apennine
mountains cut
through the center of
Italy.
3. Strategic location on
the Mediterranean
Sea and the ability to
dominate trade in the
region.
Map of Italy –
Image courtesy of
Wikipedia
Commons.
4. Rome was located on
the 7 Hills and near
the Tiber river.
1. Romans adopted the
Greek religion.
2. The Greek alphabet.
3. Philosophy, medicine
and science.
1. The first settlers in this
region that lived on the
bend in the Tiber river.
2. Farmers and sheepherders.
3. They grew and exported
grapes, olives and citrus
products.
4. Rome adopted the Latin
language.
1. Rome absorbed the Etruscan
culture.
2. Rome adopted the following
Etruscan contributions: written
language, metal and wood work,
building techniques.
3. The Etruscans also built sewers,
paved roads, and drained
marshes. All of this was
absorbed by the Romans.
Map of the Etruscan regions.
Wikipedia Commons.
1. In 509 B.C., the Etruscan King,
Tarquin the Proud was forcibly
overthrown.
2. It was said that he had raped a
nobleman’s daughter.
Brutus led the nobility
in their revolt against
Tarquin. For this, he
was considered a hero
of the republic.
3. The nobles were furious.
Declaring that Tarquin was a
tyrant, they swore that they
would never have another
king.
•List the four
classes of
Roman society.
Struggles for power existed
between the Patrician and
the plebeian classes.
Compromises were worked
Patricians - out.
Aristocratic landowners w/power.
Wealthy equestrians
Plebeians - Free - Common
farmers, artisans and merchants.
Slaves - no freedom or rights
•Res publica - “public
matters” or “matters of
state”.
•In a republic, citizens vote
for leaders that will represent
them in legislative bodies.
•Power rests with citizens
who vote.
Chief executive for 1 year.
Elected by the Senate.
•300 Patricians were
members for life.
•Legislative branch,
also determined foreign
and domestic policy.
•Served as a supreme
court.
•The Plebeians elected
members to the Assembly.
•Assembly representatives
elected the Tribunes.
•Tribunes had the right to
veto Senate bills.
Principles, Concepts, and Standards:
•12 Tables were basis for Roman law. They were
placed in the forum and they applied to all citizens.
•Laws should be simple, easy to enforce, and they
should apply to all people.
•Innocent until proven guilty, trial by jury.
•Equal treatment under the law.
•A person can only be punished for actions, not
thoughts.
•The Backbone of Rome
was her legions.
•Citizens who owned
property were required
to serve in the army.
•Military units called
legions.
•Roman legions
were made up of
5,000 heavily armed
foot soldiers.
•Cavalry - soldiers
on horseback were
the powerful right
arm of the legions.
•Fought between
Rome and
Carthage.
Map of the Punic Wars
•Control over the
Med. Sea and the
island of Sicily
was at stake.
•Rome Won.
•Carthage lost.
Map of the Punic Wars – Territorial
losses of the 1st Punic War.
•Carthage gave
up the islands of
Corsica and
Sicily.
•Brilliant
Carthagenian
General, Hannibal.
Map of Hannibal’s invasion –
image courtesy of the US
Military Academy.
•He led 50,000 men
and 38 elephants
from Spain, over
the Alps, in to
Italy.
•Hannibal’s forces fought for
17 years, winning a series of
vicious battles against Roman
legions. All the while,
advancing on the city of
Rome.
•Scipio suggested that Rome
attack Carthage to draw
Hannibal away from Rome.
•At the Battle of
Zama, Hannibal’s
forces were defeated
by Publius Scipio.
“The Battle of Zama”
image courtesy of
Wikipedia Commons.
•Scipio was awarded
the title “Scipio
Africanus” by the
senate.
Scipio “Africanus” above, Roman hero of “The Battle of
Zama” image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.
•During the 50 years
following the last war,
Carthage had rebuilt and
was once again a center for
trade.
“Scipio destroys Carthage”
image courtesy of Wikipedia
Commons.
•Greedy Romans pressed the
senate to declare war and
destroy Carthage once and
for all.
Carthage’s losses to Rome.
•With the destruction of
Carthage, Rome was the #1
power in the
Mediterranean.
Statue of Augustus –
Wikipedia.
•Rome entered a new
period. One that saw the
end of the republic, and the
rule of emperors who would
expand the Roman empire.
•The Latin language
•Roman law
•Republic - form of
government.
•Preserved the
teachings of the
Greeks.