Transcript The Late Republic - San Diego Unified School District

Pgs. 338-343
• Roman had to give the Gauls a huge amount of gold to leave
the city (How did this lead to the growth of Roman territory?)
• The Roman army
was organized into
“Legions” of about
6,000 soldiers
each and
subdivided into
“Centuries” of 100
soldiers each. This
organization made
Rome powerful and
flexible in battle
(large or small
groups).
• Many people left their farms to go live in Rome
• Wealthy Romans built bigger farms, but had others run it and
slaves work it
• Farmers couldn’t grow enough food
• Relied on trade to support increasing population
• Romans made coins (copper, silver, etc.) to pay for the food,
metals, and slaves
270 BC
100 BC
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Series of wars against Carthage
Fiercest of the wars
“punic” means Phoenicians…they built the city at Carthage
Rome and Carthage went to war three times between 264 and
146 BC. The outcome of these wars would determine which citystate would control the Mediterranean region.
First Punic War – In 246 BC, Carthage sent it’s army onto the island of Sicily. Rome
countered and after 20 years of fighting gained control of all of Sicily.
In 218 BC the Carthage general, Hannibal led an attack on Rome
via Spain and the Italian Alps. Famously, Hannibal used elephants
to cross the Alps. He defeated the Romans in battle many times
but…..was not able to take Rome itself. The Romans sent an army
to attack Carthage and this drew Hannibal off Rome to return to
defend Carthage. Hannibal’s army was defeated at the Battle of
Zama.
• By the 140’s BC Rome was again concerned about the growing
power of the city-state of Carthage. A large Roman army was
sent to destroy Carthage once and for all. Rome destroyed
Carthage, killed most of its people, sold the rest into slavery
and gained control over north Africa.
• The Romans now controlled Sicily, Corsica, Spain and North
Africa. They took over Greece and parts of Asia. The Romans
would be greatly influenced by Greek culture.
Problem: Rich citizens were getting richer. Romans feared
that violence would erupt between the rich and the poor How
did leaders try and address the problem?.
Tiberius Gracchus
Gaius Gracchus
How did the death of the Gracchus Brothers change
Roman politics?
Gaius Marius
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
• Problem:
• Problem:
• Attempted Solution:
• Attempted Solution
Spartacus
• Problem:
• Attempted Solution:
After Alexander Died
• Macedonian King got into an
alliance with Carthage
against Rome (during 2nd
Punic War
• Rome became allies with the
rival of Macedonia- this kept
fighting in the east so Rome
didn’t have to take resources
away from the Punic war.
• Peace was reached
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2nd War
Rome aligned themselves
with Greece and occupied
troops there “for protection”
Macedonians kept trying to
control Greece
Rome won, broke their
territory into 4, and enslaved
thousands
Rome took over Greece and
made an example of the
wealthy town of Corinth
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Culture spreads to Rome
Culture, education, and
values more extravagant
than Rome was used to
Duty and frugality vs.
ostentatious (flashy) living
Architecture, foods, dress, art
Greek intellectuals welcome