Transcript Ancient Civilization of Europe

Ancient Civilization of Europe
Island of Crete civilization
(2600-2000 BC)
• History of Ancient Europe originated from the
island of Crete community life that lies south
of the central government in Greek with
Knossus.
• In addition there are still Knossus major cities
other is Phaestos, Tylissos, Hanos.
• Crete is very strategic in the middle of the
shipping lanes between Egypt, Greek and
Mesopotamia.
Culture
• Crete became a cultural bridge between three
continents, Asia, Africa and Europe, this
continent each culture 3 acculturated.
• Crete community know Fresko painting, art
porcelain / pottery, sculpture in ivory and
other media and arts crafts metal.
• They also know the form of writing called
writing minos / culture minoa
History of Island of Crete
• Derived from legends and mythology of
literary works titled Homer's Iliad and
Odysseia.
• Homer tells the beautiful scenic island of
Crete, has no less 90 cities.
• This is evidenced by the archaeological
evidence of the triumph of the island of Crete.
Knossus found in the ruins of the palace in the
form of labyrinth (cochlea).
Collapse
• In the 15th century BC collapse, caused by
natural disasters, in addition to natural
disasters suspected `German invasions of
Central Asia.
• After the collapse Crete culture flourished on
mainland Greek, initially located in the City of
Mycena.
Greeks
• Geographical Location:
• Greek is the tip of southeastern Europe. Most
of the islands in the Aegean and Ionian Sea
entered Greek territory
• Population: Greeks formed from mixing the
Caspian Sea nation of immigrants and natives
and composed of farmers.
• They form a group - a group of town called
Polis. Polis which are well-known: Athens,
Sparta and Thebes.
Art
• In the Hellenistic period built many temples. And
famous is the Acropolis and Temple of Zeus. They have
also been able to build a theater that can
accommodate 15,000 spectators. The Satra art was
well developed. Author of the famous Greek literature
is Homer with his work entitled Illyad.
• Greek Science: Greek has had a wide range of
technologies, including:
1. Creating a sailboat.
2. Making stuff out of clay.
3. Producing works such as the Temple of Zeus
arsitektus.
4. Develop industry and trade.
5. Produce metal objects for the war.
Government and Law
• Popular polis in Greece:
1. Athens led the Greek polis of years 450-404 BC,
at this period of life in a democratic society,
freedom of thought and work. And appear great
philosophers famous: Socrates.
2. Polis Sparta, ruled Greece from the year 404
BC. The Spartans ruled Military and violence. At
this time, the science does not evolve
3. Thebe policy ruled Greece 371 BC, Thebes
defeated policyholder Spart between these
policies are always fighting and eventually
became salve. Greece became controlled by King
Philip of Macedonia in 338-336 BC.
Philosophy
• Results of thought and philosophical works of the Greek, has been
translated and studied until now . The greek philosopher who was drafter
laid the foundations of natural philosophy of mind philosophy Europe.
Greek philoshopy were translated and interpreted by Islamic philosophers ,
and through the Islamic satra. Greek philosophical thought went into
Persian and other Asian countries .
• Characteristics Greek philosophy :
• Methods to think logically , rationally and systematically
• How the investigation of natural phenomena down to the details . This
philosophy produces real results in terms of natural and social sciences .
Greek philosopher:
• Socrates , with his doctrine of Policy Studies (philosophy ethics) with logic
or morality as a basis for discussing them
• Plato , with his doctrine of constitutional science and law reserved
• Aristotle , with his teaching in the fields of biology and philosophy so
often referred to as a biologist and philosophy
• Hippocrates , the teaching physician regarding the code of ethics ( oath )
The Belief
• The belief of the Greek:
• Trust the Greek are worshiping idols,
including:
• Zeus, father of the gods of heaven and earth
• Hera, goddess of marriage
• Ares, god of war
• Hermes, the god of trade
• Aphrodite, goddess beauty
Rome
• Geographical Location:
• Roman is an ancient place in Europe is the source
of Western culture. Located in Apenina Peninsula
(now Italy). Its boundaries are:
• Northern peninsula with mainland Europe
continued Apenina contained Alps as a natural
boundary that extends.
• Next to the Northwest that separates Italy with
France.
• separating Northern Italy with Switzerland and
Austria.
• Next the Northeast with Yugoslavia.
The development of Rome History
• (a) Period 1000-510 BC Age of Kingdom
• During this period Apenina peninsula is inhabited by a
nation of immigrants from the Caspian Sea, while in the
southern part of the nation inhabited by Phoenicians and
Greeks. Among them occurring mixture that gave birth to
the Romans
• City of Rome was founded by Vergilius Aenens in his work,
the city of Rome was founded in 1754 BC. The city of Rome
was founded by Romulus Aeneis child and daughter of
Latinus Lavinia (king of Latinum) who had killed his twin
brother Remus.
• Kingdom of Rome ruled a king who doubles as a warlord
and high court judges. In carrying reign of King assisted by
the Senate, which comprises 300 patricier class (nobility).
Rome became the Republican-controlled state nobility
(aristocracy)
• (b) Period of the Republic Period 510 BC -31? During
this period shaped Roman Republic whose government
is run by two people who elected consul. Then the
board was formed comprising:
• Senate, namely the nobility
• House of Representatives, the majority of the
nobility, only 4 classes of ordinary people. And this guy
has 4 Veto.
Often conflicts between the nobility and the common
people so that layers of people to flee to the
mountains. This causes suffering nobility. Consequently
layers of people called and held negotiations to
produce an agreement for equal rights set forth in the
"Twaalftafelenwet" which is 12 stone table legislation.
• (C) Period 31 BC - 476 AD Age of Empire
• Emperors who once ruled is:
• Emperor Octavian the title of Augustus Caesar and Princeps
Civitas (highest citizens elected, fair and wise) is the foundation
stone of the Roman Empire. Its territory covers North Africa, West
Asia, and most of Eropa.Kaisar Octavian ruled until AD 14,
important thing that he inherited AD is the start date that coincides
with the birth of Jesus.
• The next Roman Emperor Nero (54-68 BC), Emperor Nero
famously ruthless and kill the Christians.
• Emperor Caligula, notorious
• Vesvasianus Emperor (69-79 AD), famous for its oppression of the
Jews in Palestine, so that the Jews were expelled from the country
and spread all over the world
• Hardianus Emperor (117-138 AD)
• Emperor Constantine the Great (306-337M)
• Emperor Theodosius (378-395M).?
• At the time of the Roman Theodosius divided
into two: the Western Roman capital of the
Roman and Byzantine capital of
Constantinople. Western Roman fell in 476 AD
by Odoakar a German mercenary commander,
Byzantines fell in 1453 AD to the Turks and
turned into Istanbul.
Culture
• Roman culture is a blend of the ancient Greek and Roman culture.
For example:
• Names of Gods: Zeus replaced Jupiter, Venus Aphrodite replaced,
replaced Ares Mars.
• The names of the months:
A) January = Jenus the god of duplicity,
B) February = februa are welcome dinner party new Year and
Roman numerals c) September = Septe which means 7
d) October = Okto which means 8.?
e) At the time of Julius Caesar changed the order of months
because he wanted to include his name in July = 7
f) Once period also Octavianus, August = 8. This leads to a
sequence of months.
• State and Military Organizations, education, art, philosophy of
science, and the law (Justinian Codex)
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Prothesis_Dipylon_Painter_Louvre
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