Transcript Rome - RedfieldAncient

Rome
264 – 133 BC
Military recruitment
• The Roman army began like the part-time
Greek army, with farmers returning to their
fields after a quick summer campaign.
• Then it changed into a professional
organization with long terms of service far
from home.
Military recruitment
• Scipio's revolution changed the way of the
legions.
• Rome was now to use proper tactics on the
battlefield, rather than merely relying on the
fighting superiority of the legionaries.
• The Roman soldiers would be led by clever men
seeking to outmanoeuvre their foe rather than
merely being lined up and marching at the
enemy.
Military recruitment
• If Rome had the best soldiers it now should
also acquire the best generals.
• The poorest classes in Rome were given the
opportunity of a military career, veterans
given land, and the composition of the legions
changed.
• (Seleucid wars)
Spanish wars
• 153 - 133 B.C. -- no longer the early
Republican period.
• During the Second Punic War (218 to 201
B.C.), the Carthaginians tried to make stations
in Hispania from which they could launch
attacks on Rome.
Spanish wars
• An effect of fighting against the Carthaginians,
was that the Romans gained territory on the
Iberian peninsula.
• They named Hispania one of their provinces
after defeating Carthage.
• The area they gained was along the coast.
They needed more land inland to protect their
bases.
Spanish wars
• 134 BC - Scipio Aemilianus was brought in as
consul, with Marius and the Numidian prince
Jugurtha under him.
• 133 BC - Scipio besieged Numantia. When
they succumbed to famine and cannibalism,
they surrendered becoming part of Scipio's
triumph or sold as slaves. Numantinus was
razed.
More on Spanish wars
• http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/republica
nromanbattles/qt/082807SpainWars.htm
Seleucid War 192-188 B.C.
• Under the consuls Flamininus and then
Manius Acilius Glabrio Rome fought the
Seleucid War against Antiochus, king of Syria
from 192-188 B.C.
• During the Macedonian Wars, Antiochus and
Philip V of Macedon had been allies, taking
chunks of Greece and the Greek cities in Asia
Minor until the Romans stepped in to grant
Greece its freedom.
Seleucid War 192-188 B.C.
• Philip seems to have ignored the alliance
when Rome seemed the more likely victor.
• He seems to have granted Rome access to
Macedonia's territory because the Romans
arrived in Gonni, which they couldn't have
done without Philip's help.
Seleucid War 192-188 B.C.
• This made the odds decidedly worse for
Antiochus.
• Antiochus retreated and faced the Romans at
Thermopylae near the famous pass where the
Spartans and their allies had once met the
Persians.
• Unlike the routed Spartans, Antiochus survived.
The treaty he signed with Rome gave the territory
he had taken in Greece back to the Greeks.
Antiochus was confined to Syria.