Transcript File - Ms. Thresher

THE EARLY MIDDLE
AGES
TRANSITION
IN EUROPE
SO FAR….
CATEGORY
EGYPT (%)
GREECE (%)
ROME (%)
CITIES
86
83
76
CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT
78
73
81
AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION
84
65
80
JOB SPECIALIZATION
80
79
73
SOCIAL CLASS STRUCTURE
76
72
73
MERCHANTS & TRADE
83
77
73
STATE RELIGION
78
85
77
SCIENCE & WRITING
84
89
78
78%
77%
TOTAL 81 %
THIS UNIT
 Previously: We’ve studied specific Civilizations and their
contributions
 Now: There is so many expanding civilizations that it becomes
more about significant events & people
 We are looking predominantly at Europe as a whole (North of
the Mediterranean)
SO FAR…
Over the last 4000+ years Europe has
been dominated by Mediterranean
civilizations…
Egypt: 3100BC – 750BC
Greece: 1600BC – 300BC
Rome: 700BC – 476BC
 Byzantine Empire: 258AD – 1453AD
TRANSITION
Early Middle Ages represent a transition from
Roman dominated society to “Medieval
Society”
The next 500+ years will be dominated by
Northern Europe
EUROPE – 200 AD
EUROPE – 300 AD
EUROPE – 400 AD
EUROPE – 500 AD
EUROPE – 600 AD
EUROPE – 700 AD
EUROPE – 800AD
EUROPE – 900 AD
EUROPE – 1000AD
TRANSITION IN EUROPE
 Based on those maps, what do you think Europe is like in the
Early Middle Ages (500 -100BC)
 How do the East & West dif fer?
EUROPE – 500 AD
THE “DARK” AGES
500 – 1300 AD
: BARBARIANS
THE WEST: THE “DARK” AGES
 Given the name because the “intellectual light” of Rome had
been extinguished by the barbarian hordes ending in the
Italian Renaissance in the 14 th Century
 The west does undergo tumultuous times – the “Barbarians”
fight for control of the land and the boundaries of each
empire are constantly contested and changing.
 This “Dark” barbarian transition period really only takes a few
hundred years, not 800 as is suggested
THE WEST: WHO WERE THESE
“BARBARIANS”?
 THE CELTS





Natives of Western Europe
Gauls – France
Britons – UK
Bretons – France
Picts - Scotland
 Warband societies who just
wanted to raid, rape and
plunder
THE WEST: WHO WERE THESE
“BARBARIANS”
 GERMANIC TRIBES
 Most barbarians were Germanic
from Scandinavia
 Included:







Goths
Franks
Vandals
Angles
Saxons
Jutes
Frisians
THE WEST: BARBARIAN CONVERSION
 MONATACISM: The birth of Monasteries & Monks extend the
influence of the church into the west and serve as mini conversion centers.
 Not surprisingly this is met with some resistance and by some
I mean bloody resistance…but over 100s of year it is
somewhat successful.
:
THE EAST:
 As things change, they stay the same…
 Byzantine Empire = Eastern Roman Empire
 Roman Model of Government still used with Emperor
appointing military commanders etc.
 People still heavily taxed
 After the time of Justinian they went from Latin to Greek as
the preferred language
 The bezat was the standard gold coin of international trade
 Constantine was the first Christian Emperor, he was appointed
by God as Christ’s representative
 The Emperors that succeeded Constantine therefore also were
seen as the peoples connection to God and ruled the church
with an iron fist.
 There were 2 leading church of ficials…
 In Byzantium – the Patriarch = head of the church
 In the Byzantine Empire the Patriarch would still be under control of the
Emperor
 In Rome – the Pope = head of the church
 In Rome…there is no Emperor anymore? So the Pope had more freedom.
THE CHURCH SPLITS
 They co-exist for about 500 years (during the Early Middle
Ages)
 11 th Century there is a divide…
BYZANTIUM
The Greek Orthodox Church following the Emperor & Patriarch
of the Church
ROME
The Roman Catholic Church following the Pope (this means the
church is free to try and spread Christianity at its own will).
HEADS OF THE CHURCH
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
THE POPE
EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH
THE BYZANTINE EMPEROR
 AKA: Justinian the Great
(getting a little redund ant now isn’t it)
 Attempts to Re-conquer & Re-unite Rome as a Christian
Empire
 Completely crushes the last remnants of the previous ‘pagan’
religion (The Olympians)
 Justinian Code: Took 16 years to finish, clarified all the old
Roman laws, gave instruction on how proper ty was passed to
heirs, how disputes should be resolved. Became the basis of
Civil Law in Europe and across the world.