Transcript The First Triumvirate

Bellringer: 1/30 and
1/31

SIT NEAR YOUR NORMAL SEAT!

Pick up the paper(s) by the door.

Update your ToC:


88: Notes – Fall of the Republic/Rise of Caesar

89: Julius Assassination Twitter Activity
Write down your HW:
 Read
pages 135 (start at “Culture and
Society”) to 139 (stop at “Crisis and the
Late Empire”) in your DUIKER textbook
Agenda: 1/30 and
1/31
1.
Bellringer
2.
Notes: Fall of the Roman Republic and
the Rise of Julius Caesar
3.
TED Talk: The Assassination of Julius
Caesar
4.
Activity: Tweeting about Caesar’s
Death
5.
Quizizz “Rome So Far” Review
PUNIC WARS RECAP
What type of problems did the
Punic Wars bring to Rome?

1. Increasing wealth
and the expanding of
the Roman Empire led
to a bigger gap
between rich and
poor.

2. Leads to the
creation of
Latifundia
2. What are latifundia?

What is it? Huge
estates run by
patricians

Slaves worked on
the Latifundia –
many who had been
captured during the
Punic Wars

Around 100 BCE
Slaves are about
1/3 of Rome’s
population
Effects of the Latifundia

Small farmers don’t have slaves  don’t
put out of business  jobless/homeless.

Jobless farmers flee to Rome, but all jobs
are taken by slaves.

Situation in Rome around 100 B.C.E. = Rich
get richer and the poor get poorer.
3. Slaves Rebel


Slaves revolted and escaped

They were often used as
gladiators for
entertainment

They were armed and
trained by their masters!
Three slave wars between
135BC and 71BC

The 3rd was led by
Spartacus
Many people tried to reform
Rome – who were they?

Tiberius Gracchus

Gaius Gracchus

Gaius Marius

Lucius Cornelius Sulla

Julius Caesar
1. The Gracchi

Tiberius and Gaius
Gracchus (brothers)
 Tribunes
who
tried to help
the poor
 Both
assassinated
 Results
war
in civil
2. Marius & Sulla (107 – 80
BCE)
Marius: plebeian-turnedpatrician, elected consul 7
times
 Creates volunteer army of
poor
 Make legions/armies loyal to
general!
 Sulla: patrician elected consul
 Defeats Marius in civil war
 Lesson: Want power? Use force!

Discussion Question
Was military expansion
good for the Roman
Republic?
The First Triumvirate

Three men ruled Rome for 10 years:
1.
Pompey
2.
Marcus Crassus
3.
Julius Caesar
The First Triumvirate:
Pompey the Great
 Great
naval
commander (sailed
to Iberia, E.
Mediterranean,
etc.)
 Put down revolts in
Iberia, fought to rid
Mediterranean of
pirates
 Would steal credit
from Crassus for
beating slave revolt
The Triumvirate: Crassus
Wealthiest man in Rome when he became part of
the First Triumvirate
 Suppressed 73 – 71 BCE slave revolt led by
Spartacus

The Triumvirate: Julius Caesar
 Conquers
Gaul &
invades Britain twice
(58 – 51 BCE)
 Defies Senate order to
disband his army and
return home  crosses
Rubicon River (49 BCE)
 “The
die is cast!” =
Julius Caesar declares
war on Rome
 Civil war (49 - 45 BCE)
 Became
Rome
Dictator of
Timeline of the Julius Caesar’s
Rise to Power





60 BCE: Set up the first triumvirate
59 BCE: Elected consul
59BCE: Appointed himself governor of Gaul
(France)
58-50 BCE: Led his legions in a successful campaign
to conquer Gaul
January 10, 49 BCE: Began a civil war against
Pompey  wins, becomes dictator
 Why
does this happen? He took his army across the
Rubicon River in Italy, fighting against a member of
his own Triumvirate: Pompey. He defeated Pompey
in Greece, Asia, Spain and Egypt


46 BCE: Caesar returned to Rome and the senate
appointed him dictator
44 BCE: Named himself dictator for life.
Caesar as Leader: A WellLiked Official
 Land grants for soldiers
 Public works jobs for people
in Rome
 Expanded citizenship rights
to people in provinces
 People
in provinces (Greeks,
Spaniards, Gauls) can now be
citizens
 Started
colonies for the
landless
 Appointed “dictator for life”
in 44 BCE
Caesar TEDTalk
Julius Caesar’s Fate

Senators rejected the rule
of a tyrant and murdered
Caesar
 March
15, 44 BCE – “the
Ides of March”

Assassination led by Marcus
Brutus and Gaius Cassius
(the “liberators”
 Brutus’
involvement: “Et
tu, Brute?”

Rome descends into civil
war after Julius Caesar’s
death
The Second Triumvirate Forms

Out of the chaos of
civil war rises the
Second Triumvirate
 1.
Octavian
 2.
Mark Antony
 3.
Lepidus
Lepidus and Mark Antony

Lepidus

Son of prominent
politician in
Republic

Sided with
Caesar

Would side with
Mark Antony
during later
conflicts with
Octavian

Mark Antony

Supporter of Caesar

Gives powerful speech
in support of him after
Caesar’s death

Fell in love with
Egyptian pharaoh
Cleopatra

Fought with Octavian
at the Battle of Actium
 loses, kills himself
Octavian is Power Hungry

Who is Octavian? Caesar’s
grandnephew and adopted son – he
was Caesar’s pick to succeed him!

Would eventually push Lepidus and
Mark Antony from power:

Forced Lepidus to retire

Declared war on Mark Antony after he
moved to Egypt to marry Cleopatra
 Civil
war results in death of Mark
Antony and Cleopatra

Octavian becomes the first Roman
Emperor after the fall of the 2nd
Triumvirate
The First Emperor for
the Empire: Octavian
Becomes Emperor

First Roman emperor

Octavian took the title
Augustus: “exalted one”

Continued to have a
senate, but ruled as
emperor until his death


Legislature = no real
power under Augustus
(Octavian)
The Republic was dead –
long live the Roman
Empire!
Post-Notes Activities:
 After
the notes, you will work on
the following:
 1.
Assassination of Julius
Caesar Twitter activity
 2.
Complete the “Rome So
Far” Quizizz assignment (can
do this on your own or with 1
other person)