Transcript The West Encounters and Transformations

CHAPTER 4
The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic,
336-31 B.C.E.
The West
Encounters and Transformations
Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
I. Macedon
II. Hellenistic Society and Culture
III. Rome's Rise to Power
IV. Beginnings of the Roman Revolution
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
I. Macedon
A. King Philip II (382-336 B.C.E.)
349 B.C.E., takes Greek cities
304, Demosthenes' Philippics
League of Corinth
assassinated, 336 B.C.E.
B. The Conquests of Alexander
Invasion of Persia, 334 B.C.E.
Issus, 333 B.C.E.
Gaugamela
Persepolis, 330 B.C.E.
Pakistan, 327 B.C.E.
C. Successor Kingdoms
Ptolemy - Egypt
Ptolemy II (283-246 B.C.E.)
Alexandria
Antigonus - Macedon
Seleucus - Persian Empire
only Syria by 150 B.C.E.
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
I. Macedon
B. The Conquests of Alexander
Invasion of Persia, 334 B.C.E.
Issus, 333 B.C.E.
Gaugamela
Persepolis, 330 B.C.E.
Pakistan, 327 B.C.E.
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
I. Macedon
C. Successor Kingdoms
Ptolemy - Egypt
Ptolemy II (283-246 B.C.E.)
Alexandria
Antigonus - Macedon
Selucus - Persian Empire
only Syria by 150 B.C.E.
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
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Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
II. Hellenistic Society and Culture
A. Cities
from Greek poleis
stoas, council halls, theatres
B. Women
Arsinoë II (276-270 B.C.E.)
wife of Ptolemy II
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Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
II. Hellenistic Society and Culture
C. Intellectual Life
Comedy
Menander (c.300 B.C.E.)
Theocritus (c.300-260 B.C.E.)
pastoral poetry
Callimachus (c.305-240 B.C.E.)
Collections of Wonders of the World
Philosophy
Xenocrates (d. 314 B.C.E.)
Epicurus of Samos (341-271 B.C.E.)
Zeno of Cition (c.335-c.263 B.C.E.)
Stoicism
Stoa Poikile
Antisthenes (c.445-360 B.C.E.)
Cynics
Diogenes (412-324 B.C.E.)
Crates of Thebes (c.328 B.C.E.)
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Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
II. Hellenistic Society and Culture
Science
Alexandria
library
Euclid (c.300 B.C.E.)
Elements
Archimedes of Syracuse (c. 287-212 B.C.E.)
pi
Heraclides of Pontus (c.388-312 B.C.E.)
Erastosthenes of Cyrene (c.276-194 B.C.E.)
Hipparchus of Nicaea (c.190-127 B.C.E.)
Diocles
Praxagoras of Cos
(Galen, 129-99 C.E.)
Alexander as Angra Mainyu's agent
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Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
II. Hellenistic Society and Culture
Contact with Foreigners
Eudoxos
African Coast
Pytheas of Marseilles (c.380-306 B.C.E.)
from Gades to Britain
Berosus
Babylonian history, knowledge
Manetho
Egyptian history
Hecataeus of Abdera
Megasthenes
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Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
II. Hellenistic Society and Culture
D. Resistance
Zoroastrianism
Alexander as Angra Mainyu's agent
Egypt
The Demotic Chronicle (c.250 B.C.E.)
The Oracle of the Potter (c. 250 B.C.E.)
Jews
Maccabees
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
E. Celts
from c. 750 B.C.E.
Halstatt culture, c. 750-450 B.C.E.
La Tène, from c. 450 B.C.E.
Rhine, Danube
Migrations
from 400 B.C.E.
387 B.C.E., sack of Rome
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Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
II. Hellenistic Society and Culture
E. Celts
from c. 750 B.C.E.
Halstatt culture, c. 750-450 B.C.E.
La Tène, from c. 450 B.C.E.
Rhine, Danube
Migrations
from 400 B.C.E.
387 B.C.E., sack of Rome
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Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
III. Rome's Rise to Power
A. Roman Origins and Etruscan Influences
settlement from 1000 B.C.E.
8th century B.C.E., aristocracy
Etruscans
by 800 B.C.E.
by 600, south
Sixth century
control of Rome
Jupiter, Minerva, Juno
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Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
III. Rome's Rise to Power
B. Beginnings of the Roman State
by 600 B.C.E.
Forum drained, temples, senate house
c. 500 B.C.E.
end of monarchy
509 B.C.E., traditional date
Brutus v. Tarquin the Arrogant
Centuriate Assembly
Consuls
Capitoline temple to Jupiter
Temple to Vesta
Vestal Virgins
Struggle of the Orders
494 B.C.E., Tribunate
471 B.C.E., Plebeian Assembly
287 B.C.E., decisions binding
450 B.C.E., Twelve Tables
445 B.C.E.
intermarriage permitted
367 B.C.E.
one consul must be a plebeian
C. Roman Territorial Expansion
By 263 B.C.E., Italian peninsula
493 B.C.E., Latin league
396 B.C.E., Veii
338 B.C.E.
peace with Latin allies
Pyrrus of Epirus
leads Greeks v. Rome
280 B.C.E., victorious
but withdraws
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
III. Rome's Rise to Power
C. Roman Territorial Expansion
First Punic War, 264-241 B.C.E.
Carthage surrenders Sicily
Hamilcar Barca (238-229 B.C.E.)
Spain
Second Punic War, 218-201 B.C.E.
Hannibal, son of Hamilcar
takes Saguntum
into Italy
Trebia River
Lake Trasimene, 216 B.C.E.
Cannae, 216 B.C.E.
Fabius "the Delayer"
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
defeat of Carthage in Spain
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
III. Rome's Rise to Power
(C. Roman Territorial Expansion)
Marcus Porcius Cato (234-149 B.C.E.)
"Carthage must be destroyed“
Third Punic War, 149-146 B.C.E.
Celts
Aedui, by c. 100 B.C.E.
58 B.C.E., Julius Caesar invades Gaul
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
III. Rome's Rise to Power
D. Rome and the Hellenistic World
Macedonian Wars, 215-168 B.C.E.
First Macedonian War (215-205 B.C.E.)
Philip V (221-179 B.C.E.)
allies with Hannibal after Cannae
Second Macedonian War (205-197 B.C.E.)
Philip and Antiochus III of Syria
Greek poleis appeal to Rome
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
189 B.C.E., Antiochus defeated
Third Macedonian War (172-168 B.C.E.)
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(D. Rome and the Hellenistic World)
Greek and Latin Culture
Livius Andronicus
from 240 B.C.E.
translates Greek drama
Quintus Fabius Pictor
220 B.C.E., history of Rome, in Greek
Polybius
Greek
History
Philosophy
Epicurus
Lucretius (d. c. 51 B.C.E.)
On the Nature of the Universe
Stoicism
Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.)
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Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
III. Rome's Rise to Power
E. Life in the Republic
Clientage
Social hierarchy
Senatorial class
Equestrians
Plebeians
Allies
Slaves
Family
paterfamilias
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
IV. Beginnings of the Roman Revolution
A. The Gracchi
Tiberius Gracchus (162-133 B.C.E.)
assassinated, 133 B.C.E.
Gaius Gracchus
tribune, 123 B.C.E.
suicide, 121 B.C.E.
Gaius Marius (157-86 B.C.E.)
B. Social Wars
socii = allies
Lucius Cornelius Sulla (138-78 B.C.E.)
82 B.C.E., attacks Rome
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E.
IV. Beginnings of the Roman Revolution
C. The First Triumvirate
Gnaeus Pompeius (106-48 B.C.E.)
Marcus Licnius Crassus (c.115-53 B.C.E.)
Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.E.)
Pompey and Crassus
crush Spartacus' slave revolt, 71 B.C.E.
made consuls, 70 B.C.E.
Gallic War (58-50 B.C.E.)
Commentaries on the Gallic War
Pompey v. Caesar
49 B.C.E., Caesar crosses Rubicon
Pompey defeated, 48 B.C.E.
Caesar named dictator for life, 45 B.C.E.
Senate from 600 to 900
assassinated 44 B.C.E.
D. Second Triumvirate
Marcus Antonius, Octavian,
Marcus Lepidus
Philippi, 42 B.C.E.
Antony and Cleopatra VII
Actium, 31 B.C.E.
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007