Transcript WHCH_53 - Teacherpage

World History
Chapter Five
Section Two
Literature, History, Philosophy
• Ideas borrowed from the Greeks
• Blending of Greek, Hellenistic and Roman –
known as Greco-Roman civilization
• Virgil - Aeneid – epic poem that showed
Rome’s past
• Linked to Greece – Aeneas escaped from Troy
and founded Rome
• Written after Augustus took power - unity
Poetry
• Satire – make fun of – Roman society
• Horace – used satire to make fun of human
folly
• Juvenal and Martial – more cutting in wit
• Martial was so crass in his poems that he
changed names so he would not be hurt or
killed
Historians
• Told of the rise and fall of Roman power
• Livy – tried to arouse patriotic feelings –
recalled Rome’s heroic past
• Horatius and Cincinnatus
• Tacitus – disliked Augustus and his successors
and felt they ruined Rome
Philosophy
• Borrowed much of it from the Greeks
• Hellenistic philosophy of Stoicism impressed
Marcus Aurelius
• Stoics stressed accepting of ones fate and duty
• Showed concern for all people
Art and Architecture
• Sculptors portrayed realism – showed warts
and veins
• Sought to show a person character – look on
face – smug, arrogant, proud
• Some sculptors strived for an idealistic view
• Used art to beautify homes
• Mosaics – picture made from chips of stone or
glass
Architecture
•
•
•
•
•
•
Emphasized grandeur – size, power
Huge temples, palaces and stadiums
Used columns and arches
Invented concrete for building material
Developed a round domed roof
Pantheon – temple that honors the Roman
gods and is still in Rome today
Pantheon
Science and Math
• Romans were masters of engineering –
application of science and math to develop
useful structures and machines
• Roads, bridges, harbors
• Built so well still around today
• Aqueducts – bridge like stone structures that
carried water
Science
• Greeks now citizens in the Empire and most
science was left to them to perform
• Ptolemy – astronomer-mathematician
• Proposed theory that earth was the center of
the universe – he was wrong but this was
accepted for 1500 years
Civil Law
• Civil law developed in Rome – applied to citizens
• Law of Nations – applied to non-citizens and citizens alike
• When Rome offered citizenship to more people these two
law codes merged
• Innocent until proven guilty
• Accused could face his/her accuser and defend themselves
• Guilt had to be established “clearer than daylight” – using
evidence
• Judges were to interpret the law and be fair
• Penalties varied depending on social class and the poor
were often treated more harshly