Transcript Byzantine Empire & Kievan Rus - RoshanVarghese

WarmUp #1
• When did the Western Roman Empire fall?
• Who was responsible for ending the Western
Roman Empire?
• Explain 2 theories on the fall of the Western
Roman Empire.
• Who renamed “Byzantium” into its new name of
“Constantinople”?
• Why did people within the Roman Empire
convert to Christianity?
If you should know…
• 1. I did further research on Odoacer.
• 2. Odoacer was technically of Germanic ethnicity, of the Scirii (several ways
of spelling) tribe, originally from modern day Poland. This tribe migrated
towards the Black Sea area (modern day Moldova & Ukraine).
3. Odoacer was part of the
Look for yellow smiley face below:
Roman military & led an
Odoacer’s tribal home…
uprising of other soldiers
against Rome.
4. He deposes Romulus Augustus,
whom technically was the last
emperor, even though his father
made him emperor without
anyone’s approval ( his father was
NOT an emperor).
5. Odoacer considered himself King,
at this point.
More information on pgs. 345-355.
Byzantine Empire
Justinian
• reigned 527-565 AD
• wanted to recreate the
Roman Empire @ its height
• re-conquered Italy & North
Africa
• codified Roman Law –
unified laws for people in
Byzantine Empire
• faced internal rebellion from
with his wife Theodora
Byzantine Empire
• lost land after Justinian
• kept Asia Minor &
Constantinople
• centered on Greek
culture & Christianity
• lots of $$$ on churches
• emperor seen as chosen
by God: spiritual &
political power
• emperor chose patriarch
–head of Eastern Church
Constantinople
• center for East-West trade until 12th Century
• many beautiful buildings: palace, Hippodrome
• Hagia Sophia: church built with dome on 4 pillars
– with many windows under dome, giving it the appearance of
floating (greatest architectural achievement)
• disagreement over head of Church lead to split (Great
Schism) Eastern Orthodox vs. Roman Catholic: 1054
AD
• invasions by the Turks overwhelmed the Byzantines
– called to western Europe for help
• 1096 AD: European Christians went on a ‘Crusade’ to
help fight the Turks who were also Muslim…thus it
became a HOLY WAR.
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia
Compare/Contrast
• Using pgs. 350- 351, create a 2-column chart on the
differences between the Orthodox & Roman Catholic
Churches…
Orthodox Church
Issue:
Roman Catholic Church
The Kievan Rus
Objective:
~The learner will be to analyze
how the Rus affected the early
history of Kiev, as well as, the
factors that helped establish
Christianity in Russia.
~The learner will also be able
to identify which people
groups attacked Russia.
Beginnings & Growth: (Add All in Yellow to Notes)
• the Russian Primary Chronicle tells of the early Slavic peoples
– written in 1100, telling of the people in mid-800 AD
• constant fighting
• “invited” northern Europeans (Vikings?)---”the Rus” to govern
• Oleg: 2nd ruler
– expanded territory south to Kiev
– attacked Constantinople
– successful trade union with Byzantines
• Slavic regions become formal state: Kievan Rus
• Yaroslav the Wise
–
–
–
–
had religious books translated from Greek into Slavic
Russian law was codified
good relations with Western Europe through daughters’ marriages
regained lost territory: but was crushed when attacked Constantinople
Christianity in Russia
• early Slavic religion: polytheistic based on nature
• 863- Cyril & Methodius
– brothers & Greek monks who used the Slavic language to
convert Slavs
– developed written alphabet for Slavonic language
– called Cyrillic alphabet
– based on Greek alphabet
• Vladimir I: Grand Duke of Kiev converted & married
sister of Byzantine emperor
– built libraries, schools & churches
– 988: Vladimir I made Christianity state religion of Kievan Rus
• after the Great Schism:
– became semi-independent of Orthodoxy in Constantinople
– “Russian Orthodox Church”
Kievan Rus Attacked!!!
• state weakened internally from land-owning princes
– new Grand Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky moves central city
away from Kiev, but places his own family in Kiev
• power no longer centralized, thus easy to attack
• Attacked by:
– 1. Mongols (from East under Genghis Khan): 1223 AD &
were defeated. But, Kiev will fall in 1240 to the Mongols.
• Alexander Nevsky: encouraged Rus not to rebel against Mongols
• Mongols did not destroy as much as they did elsewhere, as a result
– 2. Swedes (from north) in 1240 AD for trade routes
• Alexander Nevsky- surprise attack on Swedes…Rus won!
– 3. Teutonic Knights (Germanic military order)
• wanted the Rus to convert to Catholicism
• 1242- Alexander Nevsky saves Rus again by a “Massacre on Ice”
– 4. The Tartars: ruled Rus after Mongols…until 1480 AD
• Central Asian nomads, who spoke Turkish & were Muslims
Kievan Rus: significant figures (use text pgs. 357-360)
Name:
Who?
What?
Why?
When/
Where?
Oleg
Yaroslav
the Wise
Cyril &
Methodius
Vlad 1st
Alexander Nevsky