Transcript Ancient Greece chap 5

World History: Connection to Today, Modern Era
Ancient Greece!
Also, known as Hellas
Later turns into powerful
City-states!
Chapter 5
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Ancient Greece (1750 B.C.-133
B.C.)
1.Through trading contacts, Minoan and
Mycenaean cultures borrowed many ideas
from older civilizations.
2.After the Persian Wars, democracy
flourished in Athens.
3.Guided by a belief in reason, Greek artists,
writers, and philosophers used their genius
to seek order in the universe.
Map of Greece and Aegean Sea
Early Peoples in Aegean Region
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Minoans (not sure)
Mycenaeans (Greek speaking)
Ionians
Phoenicians (letters influenced Greek’s)
Dorians (Greek speaking)
Early Peoples of the Aegean Sea
Minoans 1800 BC
 Lived on the island of
Crete.
 Capital city was Knossos.
 Minotaur Myth
 Legendary ruler was
named King Minos.
 Pictures of “bull-leaping”
and ocean paintings
called frescoes.
 “Zeus disguises as a Bull”
 No written records found
Mycenaeans 1400 BC
 Lived in separate city-states
on the Greek mainland but
created an empire.
 Successful sea traders and
warriors.
 Fought in Trojan War
1250 BC over economic
trading rivalry and/or the
Kidnapping of Helen.
 After a decline, came the Age
of Homer with his works the
Iliad and the Odyssey. These
are only records of Greek
values and possible events.
Influences on early Greeks
(Adapted from Phoenicians)
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Unifying Forces
• They honored the same ancient
heroes.
• They participated in common
festivals.
• They prayed to the same gods.
• They shared the Greek language.
• They felt superior to non-Greeks,
whom they called “barbaroi,”
people who did not speak Greek.
There are others, as well as Titans,
and Heroes!
How did Geography impact the
Ancient Greek City-States?
Answer:
• The mountainous terrain forced the Greeks
to live in separate city-states and have
different cultures and ways of doing things.
• Some of the common city-states were:
Athens, Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes.
• Safe harbors, bays, and islands, contributed
to the Greek’s ability to navigate the
Aegean and Mediterranean Seas and
establish trade.
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Athens and Sparta
ATHENS
SPARTA
Society grew into a limited
democracy, or government by the
people.
Council of 500 was created as a
body that would suggest laws and
supervise the government.
Rulers were two kings and a
council of elders. (known as
Oligarchy)
ALL Male citizens over age 30
were members of the assembly who
debated laws and voted .
Rulers forbade trade and travel.
Rulers encouraged trade with other
city-states.
Rulers formed a military society.
Conquered people were turned into
slaves, called helots.
Male, native-born Spartans over
age 30 were citizens and voted in
an Assembly.
All boys received military training.
Women were considered inferior.
Girls were raised to produce
healthy sons for the army.
Boys received education in many
areas, not just military training.
Women had the right to inherit
property.
How did Athens and Sparta
Differ?
ATHENS
 Limited Democracy
 Boys educated in all
areas including
rhetoric and arts.
 Women had stayed
home and spun
clothes and took care
of house.
SPARTA
 Ruled by 2 Kings
 Militaristic in nature.
 Controlled people
they conquered called
helots.
 Women trained,
produced healthy
babies, and had more
rights than in Athens.
How did Athens and Sparta
Differ?
ATHENS
 Males attended
Gymnasium and
Assembly to
participate in
Government.
 Golden Age of
Achievements and
trade flourished.
 SPARTA
 Babies were
examined and left to
die if unhealthy.
 Trade and travel were
restricted.
 Males lived in
barracks and endured
a brutal existence.
Why did the Greeks fight Persia and
what was the Age of Pericles?
• The Persians wanted to conquer Ionia and
Greece.
• After several battles, the Greek city-states
defeated the Persians.
• Athens headed an Alliance of City-states known
as the Delian League. Athens became powerful
and this was known as the “Age of Pericles.”
• Sparta refused to join and feared Athen’s power
over the League.
• This led to the Peloponnesian War between
Athens and Sparta. Sparta was victorious.
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The Age of Pericles
After the Persian Wars, Athens enjoyed a golden age under Pericles.
• Athens was a direct democracy. This meant
that Athenian men participated in the assembly
and served on juries.
• Pericles hired architects and sculptors to rebuild
the Acropolis, which the Persians had
destroyed. The PARTHENON was created!
• Pericles turned Athens into the cultural center of
Greece. He did this with the help of an
educated, foreign-born woman named Aspasia.
Who was Alexander the Great and
what was Hellenistic Culture?
• From Macedonia
• Young, intelligent,
and possessed
great military skill.
• Conquered the
Persian satraps and
King.
• Created Hellenistic
culture.
How did Alexander create a new
blended Culture called Hellenistic?
• Greek, Egyptian,
Persian, and Indian
cultures combined.
• Established new
cities, many named
Alexandria that were
settled by Greeks and
who put Greek statues
and spread culture.
• He Dressed like a
Persian and married a
Persian.
• He adopted Persian
customs and
encouraged Greeks to.
• ** “Great” example
of cultural diffusion!
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Alexander the Great
Philip of Macedonia conquered Greece. He was
assassinated before he could fulfill his dream of
conquering the Persian empire.
Philip’s son, Alexander, succeeded him to the throne.
Alexander won his first victory against the Persians at
the Granicus River. He then conquered Asia Minor,
Palestine, Egypt, and Babylon.
Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush into northern
India. There his troops faced soldiers mounted on
war elephants. They were forced to retreat.
While planning his next battle campaign, Alexander
died of a sudden fever. Three generals divided up
the empire.
Alexander the Great’s Empire
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Great Minds of the Hellenistic
Period
Zeno founded Stoicism, which urged people to accept calmly
whatever life brought.
Pythagoras derived a formula to calculate the relationship
between the sides of a triangle.
Euclid wrote The Elements, a textbook that became the basis for
modern geometry.
Aristarchus theorized about a heliocentric, or sun-centered,
solar system.
Eratosthenes showed that the Earth was round and accurately
calculated its circumference.
Archimedes used principles of physics to make practical
inventions, such as the lever and the pulley.
Hippocrates studied illnesses and cures and set ethical
standards for medical care.
Contributions of Ancient Greeks
• Parthenon –
Temple of Athena
• Principles of
Geometry by
Euclid
• Pythagoras and
right triangle
theory
Contributions of Ancient Greeks
• Hippocrates the
physician and his
oath of moral
practice.
• Archimedes
applied principles
of physics with
levers and pulleys.
Contributions of Ancient Greeks
• Myron sculpted
statues like
Diskobolus(right).
• Sophocles wrote
dramas like the
play Antigone and
other tragedies and
comedies.
Contributions of Ancient Greeks
• Socrates and the
“Socratic Method of
Questioning!”
• He was later
convicted of
corrupting the youth
with his questioning.
• Plato and Aristotle
were among other
great thinkers.