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Chapter 8 Test Review
The Rise of Rome
8th Grade World History
1
How did Rome’s geography
differ from Greece’s?
• less rocky
•easier to unite
• more farming
What was Rome’s nickname?
“City on Seven
Hills”
and
“Eternal City”
2
Who founded the city of Roma?
Romulus & Remus
When? April 21, 753 B.C.
3
4
What happened in 509 B.C.?
 Romans rebelled
overthrew cruel
Etruscan kings
set up a republic
soldiers
A legion is 6,000
____________
5
“Mare Nostrum” means
Our Sea - Mediterranean
________________________
6
7
PATRICIAN
A wealthy
landowner
Members of
the ruling
class
PLEBEIAN
common people
• Artisans
• Farmers
• Merchants
• Shopkeepers
9
CONSUL
Top 2
government
officials
Patrician
men
Elected
every year
9
10
Who could serve on the Senate?
300 patrician men
How long did they serve?
For life
Who were tribunes?
_______________________________
10 plebeians who brought plebeian concerns
before the Senate; had the right to veto
11
12
When could a Roman dictator rule?
___________
In times of
emergency and
only for 6 months
13
Who was Cincinnatus?
Ideal dictator of Rome
Compared to ???
14
Define “forum”
marketplace
15
Twelve Tables _
1st laws of Rome – carved in bronze
Where was it located?
Forum
What is the “rule of law?”
Law applies equally to everyone
How does it affect us today?
It is the basis of our legal system
16
1.
People are innocent until proven guilty.
2. People can defend themselves in
front of a judge.
3. A judge’s decision is based on
evidence.
16
17
Who fought in the Punic Wars?
Rome and
Carthage
Why?
For control of Sicily
and the
Mediterannean
Who won?
Rome: General
Scipio
Who was Hannibal?
A great Carthaginian
general; he invaded
Rome from the Alps
with an army of 4060,000 soldiers,
horse and war
elephants.
He was defeated by
Scipio at the Battle
of Zama.
He committed
suicide by drinking
poision.
17
What policy did wealthy politicians
use to win the votes of the poor?
• “Bread and Circuses”
• This was a welfare and cheap entertainment
policy.
• It has been referred to as a “Band-Aid”
solution.
Who were Tiberius and
Gaius Gracchus?
Two brothers who worked to bring
reforms to the early Republic; they
were murdered in street violence.
Tiberius
Gaius
19
Define triumvirate.
A political alliance of 3 people
TRI=3
Who made up the first
triumvirate?
Crassus, Pompey,
and Julius Caesar
20
When did Julius Caesar die?
March 15, 44BC
“The Ides of March”
How did
he die?
•He was stabbed 23
times by the
senators who
feared he was too
ambitious (Brutus
and Cassius)
21
22
What reforms did Caesar make?
1. He gave citizenship to
people living in Rome’s
territories.
2. He allowed new colonies to
provide land for Rome’s
homeless.
3. He ordered landowners to
hire more free workers.
4. He adopted the Julian
calendar.
23
What does
“e tu Brute” mean?
“And you, Brutus?”
These were his last words spoken
to his “friend” Brutus when Julius
Caesar was assassinated.
What happened at the
Battle of Actium?
Antony and Cleopatra were
defeated by Octavian
24
25
What title did Octavian take?
Augustus,
which
means “the
revered or
majestic
one”
Know the achievements of
each Roman emperor:
26
Augustus
First Roman Emperor
Said “I found Rome a
city of brick and left it a
city of marble.”
Know the achievements of
each Roman emperor:
Hadrian
Built famous wall
in Britain; this
marked the
northern
boundary of the
Roman Empire
26
Know the achievements of
each Roman emperor:
Trajan
Empire reached
its greatest size
26
Know the achievements of
each Roman emperor:
Nero
CRAZY!!
“fiddled while
Rome burned”
Known for the
persecution of
the early
Christians
26
What was the Pax Romana?
“Roman peace”
How long did it last?
200 years: from the reign of
Augustus Caesar to the reign of
Marcus Aurelius
29
30
What was the role of Roman tax collectors?
These men were dishonest; many
paid for the right to have these jobs.
They taxed people heavily because
they kept some of the money.
31
Who was Cicero?
One of Rome’s
greatest
public
speakers and
lawyer.
Your test is Friday!
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