Transcript Rome 6.1 - MrJohnsWorldHistory

The Romans Create a
Republic
Chapter 6, Section 1
As the Greek civilization began to decline,
a new civilization to the West began to
emerge.
 The city of Rome grew from a small village
to a mighty empire.
 It adopted and preserved much of Greek
art, philosophy, religion, and drama.
 It also created a legacy of its own.
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Today, Italy is a country
Before there were
countries, cities could
grow….and sometimes
turn into a powerful force
Rome, today, is a city in
Italy
But, it was once a
powerful empire
Yeah
Buddy!
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This is Florence, Italy
The only place that would allow the Jersey Shore show to film in
Italy
The Beginnings of Rome
Founded in 753 BC by Romulus and
Remus – the twin sons of the God Mars
and a Latin Princess.
 The legend says that the twins were
abandoned as infants and raised by a shewolf.
 They decided to build a city near that spot.
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Romulus and Remus
feeding on the She-Wolf
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In reality, Rome developed due to the rich
soil provided by the nearby river, the Tiber
River.
Early Settlers
Latins – farmers and shepherds who
traveled across the Alps
 Greeks- established 50 colonies on the
coasts of Southern Italy and Sicily. Greeks
taught Italians how to grow grapes and
olives.
 Etruscans – native metal workers, system
of writing, influenced Roman architecture,
especially the arch.
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Roman Gods
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Adopted Etruscan rituals they believed would
help them win favor with the gods.
Adopted personalities and legends of the Greek
gods.
Romans gave their gods different names.
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Zeus – Jupiter
Hera - Juno
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezpn8xH_XHI
Jupiter and Juno
Roman Gods and Goddesses
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http://www.unrv.com/culture/major-romangod-list.php
No more King!
The last king of Rome was ‘Tarquin the
Proud’.
 He was a harsh tyrant and driven from
power in 509 BC.
 The Romans declared they would never
again be ruled by a king.
 They swore they would put to death
anyone who plotted to make himself king.
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Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
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(535 B.C. – 496 B.C.)
7th King of Rome,
reigning from 535-509
until the Roman revolt
in 509 B.C.
which would lead to
the establishment of
the Roman Republic.
Established a Republic
A republic is a form of government in
which power rests with citizens who have
the right to vote to select their leaders.
 In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was
granted only to free-born males.
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Patricians – aristocratic landowners who
held most of the power
 Plebeians – common farmers, artisans,
and merchants with limited political power
 Tribunes – plebeian formed assemblies
which protected the rights of the plebeians
from unfair acts of patrician officials.
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Twelve Tablets (Tables)
When laws were unwritten, the patricians
could interpret the law to suit themselves.
 In 451 BC, a group of 10 officials began
writing down Rome’s laws.
 The laws were carved on 12 tablets (or
tables) and hung in the Forum.
 Established the idea that all free citizens,
patricians, and plebeians, had a right to
the protection of the law.
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If not a king….than who?
Consuls
2 consuls – one commanded the army and
the other directed the government.
 1 year long term
 Same person could not be re-elected
consul again for 10 years.
 One consul could always overrule, or veto,
the other’s decision.
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Senate
300 members chosen from upper class
Roman society.
 Later plebeians were allowed in the
Senate.
 Membership was for life – which allowed
for continuity.
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Roman Senate
Dictators
In times of Crisis, Dictators could be
appointed by the consul and then elected
by the Senate.
 The Dictator’s rule was for only six
months.
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Military Service
All citizens who owned land were required
to serve in the army.
 To secure public offices, 10 years of
military service were required.
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Legions
Organized into large military units, called
Legions- 5,000
 Legions were divided into smaller groups
of 80 men, each called a century.
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Infantry – foot soldiers
 Calvary – soldiers on horseback
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Each legion had a nickname and a flag,
called its eagle.
 Losing the eagle in battle was a disgrace.
 Legions were self-sufficient and could live
off the land.
 They did their own construction and even
built roads and bridges.
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Roman Legion Flags
Each soldier had armor, a helmet, a shield,
a sword, and a dagger
 Also carried tools for digging
 They also brought a cooking pot and
clothing.
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Roman Armor
Imperial Centurion Armor
Rome Spreads Power
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Rome was lenient with conquered
territories.
They allowed some to have full citizenship
rights
 Others received full citizenship rights except
voting power
 Other became Allies of Rome
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Mediterranean Sea
Rome’s location made it easy to trade with
others along the Mediterranean Coast.
 Carthage- city on North African coastinterfered with Rome’s trade.
 Rome and Carthage fought bitterly for
control of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Carthage
Rome and Carthage fought 3 wars
known as the Punic Wars
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Fought for control of Sicily and the western
Mediterranean, lasted 23 years.
Ended in the defeat of Carthage.
Rome took Sicily as its prize
The Second Punic war began in 218 BC.
 The mastermind was Carthaginian
general, Hannibal
 Hannibal wanted to avenge Carthage’s
earlier defeat.
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Hannibal assembled 50,000 infantry, 9,000
Calvary, and 60 elephants
 To surprise the Romans, he led his army
on a long trek form Spain across France
and through the Alps.
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Hannibal’s Army
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The battlefield
may have
looked
something like
this.
Carthage (orange)
Hannibal invaded Northern Italy.
 Hannibal’s troops marched up and down
the Italian peninsula for more than 10
years.
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Seized crops and cattle
 Pillaged farm houses
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Hannibal won his greatest victory at
Cannae, in 216 BC.
 His army inflicted heavy losses on the
Romans.
 But the Romans regrouped and prevented
Hannibal from taking Rome.
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Finally, Scipio became the Roman military
leader.
 Scipio attacked Carthage and forced
Hannibal to return to defend his native city.
 In 202 BC, The Romans defeated
Carthage for the second time.
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Scipio
Rome wants Revenge
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Carthage was no
longer a threat to
Rome, but some
Romans wanted
revenge.
An influential senator,
named Cato, ended
all his speeches with
“Carthage must be
destroyed.”
3rd Punic War
In 149 B.C., Rome attacked Carthage.
 In 146 B.C., the city was set on fire.
 50,000 people were captured and sold into
slavery.
 Its territory was made the new province of
Africa.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trvNo79
PsRI&feature=related
Rome expands
The defeat of Carthage gave Rome full
control of the Mediterranean Sea.
 The Romans went on to conquer
surrounding territories and expand their
empire.
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Roman Empire at its greatest
Assignment
On the bottom of your paper, list 2 reasons
why a consul serving just one year at a
time would be good. List 2 reasons why a
consul serving just one year at a time
would be bad.
Good
Bad
1.
1.
2.
2.
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