Transcript World History Unit 4 – “Empires and Kingdoms: Growth and

World History Unit 4 –
“Empires and Kingdoms:
Growth and Expansion”
SSWH4 The student will analyze the importance of the
Byzantine and Mongol empires between 450 CE and 1500
CE.
Explain the relationship of the Byzantine Empire to the Roman
Empire.
Describe the significance of Justinian’s law code, Theodora and
the role of women, and Byzantine art and architecture.
Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of
the Byzantine Empire.
Analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious
center.
Explain the influence of the Byzantine Empire on Russia, with
particular attention to its impact on Tsar Ivan III and Kiev.
Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism.
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
 WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
 WHAT IS THE CONNECTION
BETWEEN THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE?
 http://www.history.com/topics/byzantine-empire
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The origins
330 A.D.
Roman emperor Constantine I dedicated a "new Rome" on
the site of the ancient Greek colony of Byzantium
NEW ROME, CONSTANTINOPLE, CAPITAL OF ERE, BE,
sometimes call the 2nd Rome.
Though the western half of the Roman Empire crumbled
and fell in 476
the eastern half survived for 1,000 more years, spawning a
rich tradition of art, literature and learning and serving as a
military buffer between the states of Europe and the threat
of invasion from Asia and Islamic peoples
The Byzantine Empire finally fell in 1453, after an Ottoman
army stormed Constantinople during the reign of
Constantine XI.
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A New Rome
CONSTANTINOPLE, BYZANTINE EMPIRE
"Byzantine" derives from Byzantium, an ancient Greek colony
founded by a man named Byzas
Located on the European side of the Bosporus (the strait linking
the Black Sea to the Mediterranean)
the site of Byzantium was ideally located to serve as a transit and
trade point between Europe and Asia Minor
In 330 A.D., Roman Emperor Constantine I chose Byzantium as
the site of a new Roman capital, Constantinople
Five years earlier, at the Council of Nicaea, Constantine had
established Christianity (once an obscure Jewish sect) as Rome's
official religion
Constantinople and the rest of the Eastern Roman Empire
identified strongly as Romans and Christians, though many of
them spoke Greek and not Latin
CONSTANTINOPLE
THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND
CHRISTIANITY
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official language was Latin
Greek was also widely spoken, and students received education in
Greek history
religion: the Council of Chalcedon in 451
division of the Christian world into five patriarchates (geographic
regions), each ruled by a patriarch (religious leader)
1 Rome (where the patriarch would later call himself pope
2 Constantinople
3 Alexandria
4 Antioch
5 Jerusalem
(Beginning of Roman Catholic Church ,RCC)
Byzantine emperor was the patriarch of Constantinople, and the
head of both church and state
(After the Islamic empire absorbed Alexandria, Antioch and
Jerusalem in the seventh century, the Byzantine emperor would
become the spiritual leader of most eastern Christians.)
CONSTANTINOPLE
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CONSTANTINOPLE
CITY OF CONSTANTINE
CAPITAL OF B.E. (E.R.E)
AND LATER THE ISLAMIC
OTTOMAN TURK EMPIRE
CONSTANTINOPLE
 built on seven hills and the Golden Horn
and the Sea of Marmara
 impregnable fortress with 3 surrounding
walls enclosing magnificent palaces, domes
and towers
 The Church of Hagia Sophia
 palace of the emperors
 the hippodrome
 the Golden Gate
HOLY WISDOM
JUSTINIAN
EASTERN ORTHODOX
ROMAN CATHOLIC
MUSLIM MOSQUE
MUSEUM
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HIPPODROME
HIPPO-HORSE
DROMOS-RACEWAY
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http://www.cbn.com/media/player/index.aspx?s=/mp4/EZ30v2_WS
EMPEROR JUSTINIAN
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Justinian the Great
Byzantine Emperor from 527
to 565
revived the Empire's greatness
and reconquered the lost
western half of the classical
Roman Empire.
 General Belisarius
BELISARIUS
 Legacy
 rewriting of Roman law, the Corpus
Juris Civilis
 Byzantine culture
 Hagia Sophia, which was to be the
center of Eastern Orthodox
Christianity
 Plague of Justinian) in the early 540s
marked the end of an age of splendor
 The Empire entered a period of territorial
decline not to be reversed until the ninth
century.
 Procopius, historian, provides the primary
source for the history of Justinian's reign
 his empress, Theodora, improved role of
women in empire
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THEODORA
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expanded the rights
of women in divorce
and property ownership
instituted the death penalty
for rape
forbade exposure of unwanted
infants
gave mothers some guardianship
rights over their children
and forbade the killing of a wife
who committed adultery
Procopius wrote that she
was naturally inclined to assist
women in misfortune
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http://www.history.com/topics/byzantine-empire/videos#the-black-death-and-the-byzantine-empire
EASTERN ORTHODOX
CHRISTIANITY
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The Eastern Orthodox Church
Orthodox Catholic Church
commonly referred to as the Orthodox Church
second largest Christian church in the world
300 million adherents
Eastern and Southeastern Europe
religious denomination of the majority of the
populations of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova,
Georgia, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia,
Bulgaria, Greece, and Cyprus
 traces its development back through
the Byzantine or Roman empire, to
the earliest church established by St.
Paul and the Apostles
 Icons can be found adorning the walls
of Orthodox churches facing eas
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Cathedral of Saint Sava, Belgrade, Serbia,
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the world's largest Orthodox Church
 The East–West Schism
 Great Schism
 Division Christianity into Eastern (Greek)
and Western (Latin) branches, which later
became known as the Eastern Orthodox
Church and the Roman Catholic Church,
respectively
 Relations between East and West had long
been due to theological differences
11TH CENTURY: COMPARING THE
CHRISTIAN CHURCHES,
ROMAN CATHOLIC AND EASTERN ORTHODOX
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RCC
ROME
LATIN
POPE IS OVER ALL BISHOPS,
KINGS, EMPERORS
PRIESTS CANNOT MARRY
NO DIVORCE
EOC
CONSTANTINOPLE
GREEK
PATRIARCHS/BISHOPS HEAD
CHURCH AS GROUP
MARRIED PRIESTS
DIVORCE ALLOWED
 SIMILARITIES
 THE GOSPEL,
JESUS, BIBLE
 SACRAMENTS,
BAPTISM
 PRIESTS AND
BISHOPS
 GOAL:
CONVERSION TO
CHRISTIANITY
Video, great schism
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http://www.getonfacebook.com/search.php?get=DjFch3j6LWc7xK6WCQfFHs8ww
y%2BC%2FBC291nLU2V2eJqazHB8CpYKfuo8KWbcD7ZN8VL4GaHN0zX3LYchxtcB
BU%2B5FuJCTWc7milaMZ5m6riYvCP6mafWmY%2FzR1WfKNQN&sa=54bde95f11
e&opt=3
BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND RUSSIA
 CONVERTS (FOLLOWERS) COMPETITION
 MISSIONARIES CONVERT SLAVS (RUSSIANS) TO
ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY
 SAINT METHODIUS
 SAINT CYRIL
 DEVELOP ALPHABET FOR SLAVIC LANGUAGE, BASED
ON GREEK
 BIBLE READING
 CYRILLIC ALPHABET
 TRADE BETWEEN RUSSIANS (KIEVAN RUSSIA, CITY
OF KIEV) DIFFUSED CULTURE
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KIEVAN RUS
KIEVAN RUSSIA
KIEVAN RUSSIA
KIEVAN RUSSIA
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late 9th to the mid 13th century
Vikings called Rus: FOUNDERS
LEADERS
Vladimir the Great (980–1015)
son Yaroslav I the Wise (1019–1054)
"Golden Age" of Kiev
introduction of Christianity
creation of the first East Slavic written legal
code, the Russkaya Pravda ("Justice of
Rus")
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Ivan III (The Great)
22 January 1440 - 27 October 1505; reign, 1462-1505
Moscow, Russia
Ivan the Great
Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus“
“gatherer of the Russian lands,“
ended the dominance of the Golden Horde (Mongol Empire of East Asia)
over the Rus
laid the foundations of the Russian state
one of the longest-reigning Russian rulers in history
reign was "militarily glorious and economically sound
centralized control over local rulers
period of cultural depression and spiritual barrenness
Freedom was stamped out within the Russian lands
anti-Catholic Ivan brought down the curtain between Russia and the west
For the sake of territorial aggrandizement he deprived country of Western
learning and civilization.“
Married a Byzantine princess
 IVAN III, THE
GREAT
 SUCCESSOR TO
BYZANTINE
EMPERORS (AFTER
FALL OF
CONSTANTINOPLE
TO MUSLIM
OTTOMAN TURKS)