Transcript document

ANCIENT
GREECE
GEOGRAPHY
 MANY
MOUNTAINS
 NO GREAT
RIVERS
 MANY
ISLANDS &
HARBORS
GEOGRAPHY
WILL ENCOURAGE
TRADE
WILL PREVENT UNITY
PRE-CLASS
PAGE 106 GEOGRAPHY
SKILLS: answer
questions 2 & 3 in your
notes
BACKGROUND
 MINOANS ON ISLAND
OF CRETE ca. 2000-1400
BCE
 MYCENAEANS IN
PELOPONNESUS ca.
1600-1200 BCE
 DORIANS (EARLY
GREEKS) MOVED INTO
PELOPONNESUS ca. 1200
BCE
CITY-STATE: POLIS
 SMALL SIZE
 SMALL
POPULATION
 ACROPOLIS:
CENTRAL HILL
WITH
IMPORTANT
BUILDINGS
 AGORA: PUBLIC
MEETING PLACE
Athens: The Acropolis
Athens: The Acropolis
EVOLUTION OF
GOVERNMENT
1. NOMADIC
TRIBES
4. OLIGARCHY
2. MONARCHY
5. TYRANT
3. ARISTOCRACY
6. DEMOCRACY
 ARISTOCRACY: RULE BY THE
LANDHOLDING ELITE
 MONARCHY: RULE BY A KING
 OLIGARCHY: POWER RESTS WITH
SMALL, POWERFUL GROUP FROM
THE BUSINESS CLASS
 TYRANT: SINGLE LEADER WHO
TAKES OVER IN THE NAME OF
THE PEOPLE
SPARTA &
ATHENS
THE GREAT CITYSTATES
SPARTA:
BACKGROUND
 LYCURGUS PREVENTS
SPARTA FROM FOLLOWING
NORMAL EVOLUTION OF A
CITY-STATE
SPARTA:
BACKGROUND
 DORIANS MOVED
INTO PELOPONNESUS
1200 BCE
– FORCED HELOTS INTO
SLAVERY
– BUILT CITY WITHOUT
A WALL
SPARTA:
BACKGROUND
 SOCIAL
GROUPS
– CITIZENS
– NEIGHBORS
– HELOTS
SPARTA
 GOVERNMENT:
– ASSEMBLY of
CITIZENS
– COUNCIL OF
ELDERS
– 2 CEREMONIAL
KINGS
– 5 EPHORS
SPARTA
 EDUCATION:
MILITARY
MACHINE
– AGE 7: MOVE TO
BARRACKS
– AGE 8: CEREMONY
TO ARTEMIS
– AGE 12:
WILDERNESS
SURVIVAL
SPARTA
 EDUCATION:
MILITARY
MACHINE
– AGE 20: BEGIN
MILITARY
SERVICE; CAN GET
MARRIED
– AGE 30: CAN JOIN
ASSEMBLY
– AGE 60: LEAVE
ARMY
Spartan
Soldier
(Hoplite)
SPARTA
 DAILY LIFE
– ALL CITIZENS WERE GIVEN
LAND & HELOTS
– MEN SOCIALIZED & LIVED
IN BARRACKS
SPARTA
 DAILY LIFE
– WOMEN RAN
HOUSEHOLD
– NO TRAVEL,
ARTS, OR
VISITORS
ATHENS
THE BIRTH OF
DEMOCRACY
BACKGROUND:
SOCIAL GROUPS
 SOCIAL
GROUPS
– CITIZENS
– METICS
– SLAVES
GOVERNMENT
 ARISTOCRACY: LAND REQUIREMENTS
FOR VOTING
 ASSEMBLY: ALL VOTERS MET AND
SELECTED 9 ARCHONS
Discontent among the
lower classes
GOVERNMENT
 TYRANTS: INDIVIDUALS WHO
SEIZE POWER; USUALLY HELPFUL
TO LOWER CLASSES
MORE REFORMS
GOVERNMENT
ALL MALE CITIZENS OVER
THE AGE OF 30 WERE A
PART OF THE ASSEMBLY
GOVERNMENT:
REFORMERS
 DRACO:
– HARSH LAWS
– WEALTH OF UPPER
CLASSES
INCREASED
– SMALL FARMERS
ENSLAVED TO PAY
DEBT
GOVERNMENT:
REFORMERS
 SOLON
– CANCELED DEBTS OF
POOR
– OUTLAWED
ENSLAVEMENT FOR
DEBT
– CREATED COURT OF
CITIZENS FOR
APPEALS
GOVERNMENT:
REFORMERS
 PISISTRATUS
–EXILED
NOBLES
–GAVE LAND TO
PEASANTS
GOVERNMENT:
REFORMERS
 CLEISTHENES
– DIVIDED PEOPLE
INTO 10 TRIBES
– COUNCIL OF 500
– ASSEMBLY: ALL
MALE CITIZENS
OVER 20 YRS OLD
Why would these Persians want to
invade Greece?
How can the Greeks beat up on the
BIGGEST empire in the world????
BATTLE OF
MARATHON
 YEAR: 490 BCE
 Leaders:
– Persia: Darius
– Athens: Miltades
BATTLE OF
MARATHON
 WHAT HAPPENED:
– Darius wanted to attack Athens
before Sparta could mobilize
– Athenian army sprinted towards
Persians outside of Athens & won.
– Runner returned to Athens with
the news of victory
BATTLE OF
THERMOPYLAE
 YEAR: 480 BCE
 Leaders:
– Persia: Xerxes
– Greeks: Themistocles, King
Leonidas
BATTLE OF
THERMOPYLAE
 WHAT HAPPENED:
– Persia planned to invade by
land & sea
– Athens built a large fleet
BATTLE OF
THERMOPYLAE
– Spartans held off Persians at
mountain pass
– Greek traitor showed Persians
how to get around them
– Spartans were slaughtered
– Athens was abandoned
BATTLE OF SALAMIS
 YEAR: 479 BCE
 Leaders:
– Persian: Xerxes
– Greeks: Themistocles
BATTLE OF SALAMIS
 WHAT HAPPENED:
– Athenians fled to island of
Salamis
– Persian fleet (huge ships)
tried to enter straits for
Naval battle Smaller Greek
ships surrounded Persian ships
– Persians lost everything
– XERXES fled to Persia
Results of the
Persian Wars
 Greeks saw their way of life as
superior to others
 Athens took credit and became
the dominant city-state—Delian
League
 Athens began an empire which
ushered in the Golden Age