Transcript Army Lecture 2013

Roman Culture and Society
Lecture 8
Army
Augustus: Prima Porta statue
Auxiliary Diploma
Vindolanda tablets
Ostraca (at the British Museum)
from the Eastern Empire
Idle hands are the devil’s workshop (part1):
Rooftiles & Milestones in Britain
Soldier’s tombstone from Brixia
Trajan’s Column
Arch of Titus
Coin of Caligula
Can anyone guess what this is?
Coin of Augustus
Coin of Domitian –
Conquest of Germany
Hadrian salutes the troops
(minted in Roman Britain) at the BM
Ground plan
of camp at
Novaesium
Augusta Praetoria (Aosta)
Plan of
Dura
Europos
(Syria)
Aerial Photo of Dura Europos
Idle hands are the
devils workshop:
Part 2:
Ramps & Walls
Above: Hadrian’s wall (Britain)
(2nd c. AD)
Below: Ramp to scale the Judean
Hillfort Masada (1st. C. AD)
Inchtuthil
Mithras
British Museum Mithras
(from Rome)
Mithras in Dura
The Roman Army in Bath
Tomb of a Roman Soldier in Lincoln
(now at the British Museum)
To Gaius Saufeius
son of Gaius, of the
Fabian voting tribe,
from Heraclea, soldier
of the 9th legion, aged
40, 22 years of service
He lies here
Legionary
with pilum
Roman Army in Testudo (tortoise)
Formation
Battle at Caer Caradoc AD 51
Account in Tacitus Annales 12. 33-38
Briton Cheiftain Caratacus
Vs
Roman P. Ostorius Scapula.
Step 3: Scale fort
Break Briton line
Between legions &
auxilaries
Step 2:
Testudo form;
remove stone
ramparts
Step 1
Forge river
Leamington Spa
Battle of Cannae
Polybius "The outer ranks were continually struck down and survivors
forced to huddle together, they were finally killed where they stood'
Livy: “No other nation in the world could have suffered so tremendous a
series of disasters and not have been overwhelmed”.”
Triumph on Tapestry (Hermitage)
Flavian Amphitheatre
Orange, arch
Victory in Rome: Trajan’s Forum
Trajan’s Column
Tropaeum Traiani/ Adamclissi
Domitian or Trajan?
• [I]mp. [Caes. divi Nervae f. Nerva Traianus
Aug. G]e[rm. Dacic. pont. max. tri]b
pot.[XIII cos. v. p.p. in honorem et]
memoriam fortis[simorum virorum qui
Bello Dacic]o pro re p. morte occubu[erunt
monumentum fecit] – CIL III 14214,
updated by Dorutiu (1961)
• [I]mp. [Caes. divi Vespasiani f. Domitianus
Aug. G]e[rmanicus pont. max. tri]b. pot.[vii
imp. xiv cos xiii…]
The Death of Decabalus:
Same Scene Different monument
Trajan’s Trophy, 1896 + 1977
Scenes from Adamklissi