Transcript ppt

THE ROMANS IN BRITANNIA
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
EMPORER JULIUS CAESAR FIRST COMES TO
BRITANNIA WITH A SMALL ARMY IN 55BC, BUT
HE CANNOT INVADE THE COUNTRY.
The Romans only buy metals (iron, tin, lead, gold)
and food from Britain, to support their army,
who fight against the Gauls
(including Asterix and Obelix!)
in France.
EMPORER JULIUS CAESAR

55BC
INVASION AND OCCUPATION
•
•
Emporer Claudius sends a strong army and the
Romans invade Britannia in 43AD. Rome wants
to colonize all of Britain and there is little
resistance, because the Roman army is strong
and experienced and the Celtic tribes are not
united.
I will tell you about Queen Boudica and her
fight next week.
EMPORER CLAUDIUS

43AD
CELTIC TRIBES IN THE SOUTH OF ENGLAND
FIRST CENTURY AD
Rome colonizes half of Britannia in the south
and builds towns, roads and army camps.
 They occupy the North of England, but do not
colonize it.
 The Romans cannot defeat the Celts and Picts
in Caledonia (Scotland) and Hibernia (Ireland).

ROADS, TOWNS AND ARMY CAMPS
Londinium,
 Caerleon,
 Roads

CALEDONIA AND HADRIAN’S WALL
The Romans spend over 100 years trying to
take Scotland, but they never succeed. In the
end they build a wall to keep the aggressive
Celts and Picts out of the Empire.
 Hadrian’s Wall is 117km long, with forts every
500m. You can visit the Roman Wall today. It is
a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

HADRIAN’S WALL
UNESCO

Hadrian’s Wall today.
ROMAN TOWNS
The Romans build many towns in Britain. At
first they have no walls, but after 300AD they
all have strong, stone walls.
 There are about 20 towns with more than 5000
people and the capital city Londinium has
about 20,000 people. It is the biggest city in
north Europe.

TOWNS AND MILITARY CAMPS
LONDON AND COLCHESTER

Planned towns
BATH SPA AND VERULAMIUM
The Roman Baths at Bath are also a UNESCO
World Heritage Site. These Roman towns have
stone buildings, planned streets, markets,
shops and a forum.
 You can visit the amphitheatre and a Roman
Museum at Verulamium, to the north of
London.

ROMAN BATHS AT BATH SPA
VERULAMIUM MUSEUM
ROMAN ROADS
The Romans also build a network of straight
and fast roads to connect all parts of Britannia.
Many of the modern main roads follow the
same routes as the Roman ones.
 Some Romano-Britons (Celts) live in the towns
and speak Latin, but most live in the country
and only speak Celtic.

ROMAN ROADS
ROMAN ROADS

150AD
VILLAS IN THE COUNTRY
In the country the Romans and rich Britons
build large farms, called villas. These farms
have many workers and grow food to sell in the
towns, and for export (vyvoz) to Europe.
Archaeologists found
the remains of 2 villas
near my home
town Shefford.

LARGE FARMS

Villa plans
CHEDWORTH ROMAN VILLA


Mosaic floors and hot air
heating
GOLD AND OTHER MINERALS
Britain has many minerals (tin, iron, lead). The
Romans continued to mine gold in West Wales.
The Dolaucothi gold mine is still open today,
mostly as a tourist attraction.
 When a member of the Royal family gets
married, the wedding ring is always made of
Welsh gold

DOLAUCOTHI GOLD MINE, WEST WALES
PROBLEMS IN BRITAIN AND EUROPE
In the 4th century Rome has many political
problems at home, military problems in Europe
eg, the Angles and Saxons from Germany
attack the Romans in Gaul (France).
 There are problems in Britain too. The Celts
from Caledonia attack the North of England in
367AD.

BARBARIAN INVASIONS
END OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
The last Roman soldiers leave Britannia in
409AD. The Romano-British must fight against
the Scots, Irish and Saxons alone. They have no
chance!
 In 410AD Rome falls to the Barbarians. This is
the end of Roman Britain and of the Roman
Empire.

410AD – THE FALL OF ROME

Visigoths
attack Rome