Transcript Warm Up: Monday, September 10 th

Warm Up: Monday, September
10th
• Happy Monday!
• Warm Up:
– How does a person become famous?
– How do they stay famous after their death?
– Part II: name two places where you see the word
“Caesar” in pop culture.
To Do:
• Tomorrow we will be doing a Freshman
Orientation
– Meet here; we will go to the room together.
• Today we will be going over Julius Caesar!
• Shortened schedule!
Goals:
• Students will be able to:
– Understand the events that led up to the civil wars in
Rome
– Analyze the emergence of Julius Caesar in power
– Identify the events surrounding Julius Caesar’s death
and how it affected the world today
Julius Caesar
The Roman Republic Declines
• Rome plunged into a series
of civil wars.
• For the next 50 years (80-31
B.C)
• The issue was who should
hold power:
– Senate, which wanted to
govern as it had in the
past,
– Popular political
leaders, who wanted to
weaken the senate and
enact reforms
Turmoil
• The turmoil sparked:
– slave uprisings at home
– revolts among Rome’s
allies.
• The old legions of
Roman citizen-soldiers
became professional
armies whose first loyalty
was to their commanders.
Slaves as Enemies
Slave Revolts
Three Victorious Leaders
1. Crassus- richest
man in Rome
2. Pompey- military
victory in Spain
3. Caesar- also hero
from Spain
The First Triumvirate
• Triumvirate(def)- a
government by three
people with equal power
• Crassus and Pompey
elected consuls in 70 B.C.
• General Julius Caesar joins
them
– popular for his
conquests in Spain and
Gaul convinces Crassus
and Pompey to
reconcile
Enemies
• Caesar elected
consul in 59 B.C. and
the Triumvirate
begins
– Crassus dies in
war
– Pompey and
Caesar become
enemies
Area of Influence
• Pompey- Command in Spain
• Crassus- Command of Syria
• Caesar- command in Gaul(modern France)
– He was extremely popular
And then there were two…
• Crassus dies in battle in 53. B.C.
– Only Pompey and Caesar are left!
– Senators fear Caesar’s popularity- want
Caesar to step down and Pompey to be
the sole ruler
A New Civil War
Caesar vs. Pompey
• Senate demands Caesar gives up legion and his provinces (50
b.c.)
– Caesar marches his men across the Rubicon River and into Rome
(49 b.c.)
– Caesar defeats Pompey’s army in Greece;
• Pompey is assassinated by the Egyptians (48 b.c.)
• He then swept
around the
Mediterranean,
suppressing
rebellions. “Veni,
vidi, vici”—“I came,
I saw, I
conquered”—he
announced after one
victory.
Caesar Takes Power
• Returns to Rome and is
appointed Dictator for life
• Dictator(def): absolute ruler
• This position was usually
temporary, except for
emergencies
Caesar in Power
• Added 900 supporters to
Senate- mad the Senate
weaker
• created jobs and land for
the poor
• expanded Roman
citizenship to his
supporters
• Julian Calendar (365 days)
plus a leap year
• unpopular with the wealthy
and Senate—he is
Assassinated!
Under Caesar’s Rule
• Caesar assassinated
by the Senate
(stabbed 23 times)
• Calpurnia warns him
not to speak at Senate
• Gaius Cassius and
Marcus Brutus behind
the plan
– They thought they
could restore the
Republic
– Civil War breaks out
again
The Ides of March
(March 15, 44 B.C.)
Vincenzo Camuccini, Death of Caesar, 1798
Activity:
• Julius Caesar article and questions
CSI Rome: Up Next