Transcript VOCAB WORD ~ Schism - Brookwood High School

• Must start with Constantine –
• He won control of the Eastern
Roman Empire.
• Then he moved the capital
from Rome to a Greek trading
port known as Byzantium.
• Renamed it Constantinople.
• Eastern Roman Empire
became known as the Byzantine
Empire. After . . .
AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a
trading and religious center.
AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a
trading and religious center.
AKS 33d-analyze the role of Constantinople as a
trading and religious center.
• Strategically located on the Bosporus Strait. It was a THRIVING
trading port.
• Constantinople became known as the “Golden Horn”.
AKS 33c – Analyze the establishment of Christianity
as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire.
•Theodosius declared Christianity as the official
religion of the Roman Empire.
AKS 33b - Describe the significance of:
~ Justinian's law code
~ Empress Theodora and the role of women
~ Byzantine art and architecture
Before we can talk about
“Justinian’s law code”. . . .
We have to know who Justinian
was.
Emperor Justinian. . .
I am Justinian:
• I was the Emperor of the Eastern
Roman Empire {AKA the Byzantine
Empire} from 527-565.
• I had 3 VERY ambitious goals:
• 1. Reconquer Roman lands to
the west.
• 2. Simplify Roman laws.
• 3. Start a massive building
project to glorify
Constantinople.
Justinian’s 1st Goal for the Byzantine
Empire: Reconquer Lands to the West
In order to complete my first
AMBITIOUS goal. . . .
I sent my best general, Belisarius,
to gain the lands in the west back.
Of course he was successful. . .
Since he gained back the land in
the Western Roman Empire, I
became the Emperor of the ENTIRE
Roman Empire.
Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine
Empire: Simplify Roman Laws
Romans had a TON of laws. . . . So I
decided to gather up a group of
scholars and simplify them.
We came up with a “Code” that
consisted of four works. . . . We
named it “Justinian’s Code”
~ VOCAB WORD ~
Code - A code is a general system of
laws, and it stems from the Latin word
codex, meaning "book."
Justinian’s 2nd Goal for the Byzantine
Empire: Simplify Roman Laws
Here’s what we came up with. . .
My code lasted for over 900 years!!!!
~ JUSTINIAN’S CODE 1. The Code: contained the 5,000 Roman
laws that they felt were still useful.
2. The Digest: summarize and quoted
Rome’s greatest legal thinkers of law.
3. The Institutes: A textbook that taught
law students how to use the laws.
4. The Novellae (New Laws): New laws.
rd Goal for the Byzantine
Justinian’s 23nd
Empire:
Empire:
Massive
Simplify
building
Romanprogram
Laws
I decided to start the most massive
building program the Roman World
had EVER seen. . . .
My biggest passion was building
CHURCHES.
I viewed churches as the most visible
sign of the close connection between
church and state in my empire.
After the Hagia Sophia was destoyed –
for the 2nd time - during a riot, I had it
rebuilt, it was my crowing
achievement. . .
The Hagia Sophia
{The Church of Holy Wisdom}
The Imperial Lounge:
This is where the
Emperors would go
to worship privately.
Beautiful Mosaics:
This is the Virgin Mary with Baby Jesus.
Justinian is on the left & Constantine is on the right.
rd Goal for the Byzantine
Justinian’s 23nd
Empire:
Empire:
Massive
Simplify
building
Romanprogram
Laws
I also built baths, aqueducts, law
courts, schools, and hospitals. By
the time I was finished, my city
teemed with an almost visible
excitement.
I’m proud that we preserved the
Greco-Roman culture.
Byzantine Family Life
Byzantine families valued education—specifically
classical learning.
Basic courses for Byzantine students focused on Greek
and Latin grammar, and philosophy.
The classics of Greek and Roman literature served as
textbooks.
The modern world owes Byzantine scholars a huge debt
for preserving many of the great works of Greece and
Rome.
AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women
Empress Theodora
Improved women’s lives in the
Byzantine Empire. . . .
AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women
• First of all, I was born into deep
poverty.
• My father was a bear trainer for
the Blue Gang of the Hippodrome.
• My mother was a dancer/actress.
• I became a well-known comedian
and mimic.
• I met Emperor Justinian when he
came to one of my shows. . . .We were
married in 525 A.D.
• Justinian & I had an equal
relationship. He valued my opinion and
even allowed me to share power with
him.
AKS 33b – Empress Theodora and the role of women
I wanted equal rights for men and
women.
I made advances for women in
divorce, property, guardianship
rights over children, death penalty
for rape, all of which raised
women’s status far above the status
quo.
I died of cancer in 548 A.D.
After my death, Justinian didn’t pass
any other laws. . . He was too
heartbroken.
AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity
and the Schism
~ VOCAB WORD ~
Schism – An official split within an
organization.
AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity
and the Schism
• The Christian Church
started to look different in
the East than it did the
West. . . .
• Eastern Christianity built
its heritage on the works
of early Church fathers.
• Example - Saint Basil
AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity
and the Schism
My name is
Saint Basil
Around 357, I
wrote rules for
the life of
monks.
AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity
and the Schism
My name is Saint John
Chrysostom.
I was the bishop of
Constantinople from 398 to
404, that made me the
patriarch, or leading bishop of
the Eastern Roman Empire.
Even I bowed to the emperor.
AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity
and the Schism
My name is Emperor Leo III.
In 730 a.d. I banned the use of
icons.
I viewed the use of icons as idol
worship.
This is going to start a MAJOR
conflict between the East & the
West.
~ VOCAB WORD ~
Icons: religious images used by
Eastern Christians to aid devotions.
AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity
and the Schism
• People in the East
responded with
riots, and the clergy
rebelled.
• In the West, the
pope supported the
use of icons.
AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity
and the Schism
• In 1054: The pope (in the west) & the patriarch (in
the east) excommunicated each other in a dispute
over religious doctrine.
I’m the Pope!!!
I don’t agree with you, so
I’m excommunicating
you!!!!
I’m the Patriarch!!!
I don’t agree with YOU, so
I’m excommunicating
you!!!!
AKS 33f – Define the role of Orthodox Christianity
and the Schism
• The Christian Church officially split:
– The Roman Catholic Church in the West
– The Eastern Orthodox Church in the East.
• THIS WAS KNOWN AS THE GREAT EAST-WEST
SCHISM!
The Roman Catholic Church
• Services in Latin.
• Pope has authority over all other bishops.
• Pope claims authority over all kings &
emperors
• Priests may not marry.
• Divorce is not permitted.
The Eastern Orthodox Church
• Services are in Greek.
• Patriarch works with other bishops as a group.
• Emperor claims authority over the patriarch of
the empire.
• Priest may be married.
• Divorce is allowed under certain conditions.
Similarities of the two:
• They base their faith on the gospel of Jesus &
the Bible.
• They use sacraments such as baptism.
• Their religious leaders are priests and
bishops.
• They seek to convert people.