Transcript 2nd Semester EOCA Review

2nd Semester EOCA Review
China, Greece, Rome
Ancient China
• Name two examples of religious practices
1. Reading oracle bones
2. Bronze ritual vessels
Chinese Writing
• Characters represent whole word
• Developed from pictographs
• Began from use of Oracle Bones
Qin Shi Huangdi
• Best known for:
1. building the Great Wall of China
2. tomb of terra cotta clay soldiers
3. believed in afterlife
4. standardization of weights and
measurements.
Chinese Peasants
• Duties:
1. farming noble’s land
2. serving in the noble’s army
3. honoring the king
Geography of China
• Mountains and Rivers caused:
1. separation of different groups of people
2. different dialects of language spoken
Daoism
• Living in harmony with the guiding force
• Balance of opposites
Mandate of Heaven
• Heavens decide King’s rule over China
• Rulers must show virtues to be rulers
Confucianism
• Lead by example
• Respect the elderly
• Morals and Ethics
Legalism
• People were bad by nature and
would be receive punishment or
reward.
• Needed to be controlled
Silk Road
• 4,000 mile long road
• used to trade goods-especially silk
• Buddhism came to China from India
Buddhism
• Religion came from India
Vocabulary
BureaucracyOfficials appointed to do specific jobs
Filial Pietyrespect parents and rulers
LegalismObey out of fear, not respect
Mandate of Heavenfollow rulers who show virtues
Chinese Writingall the characters represent the whole word
Greece-Vocabulary
acropolis-fortress on top of a hill
Sparta-strict government with strong military
democracy-form of government which people
rule
Greek mythology-stories of Greek gods,
goddesses and heroes.
peninsula-narrow piece of land extending into a
body of water.
Phoenician alphabet-borrowed from the Greeks
Oligarchy-rich aristocrats(aristocracy), only a few
rule
Aesop
• wrote fables
• used animals in his stories
• ended with a moral or lesson
Cleisthenes
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Father of Democracy
Voting by show of hands
Everyone could participate
Gathered outdoors
Zeus
• King of the Gods
Athena
Daughter of Zeus
Goddess of Wisdom
Patron god of Athens
Sparta
• Strict government
• Strong military
• Worked with citizens from
Athens and other Greek city-states to defeat
the Persians
• Women owned property, heads of house
• Both men and women had physical training
Greek Philosophers
• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle
Greece city-states
religion
alphabet
Olympics
Pericles
Under his rule of democracy:
Right to vote in assembly
father of the Golden Age
paid jurors a salary
Greek Philosophers
3 famous philosophers:
Aristotle
Plato
Socrates
Minoans of Crete
Characteristics:
large palaces(Knossos)
artistic styles
pottery designs
writing
peaceful
Mycenaeans borrowed many of these ideas
Great shipbuilders
Geography
Tall, rugged mountains made
trade difficult
Shallow rivers
Separated city-states
Stayed independent from each other
City-states
Independent
Similar religion
Similar culture
Shared Greek Olympics
Alexander the Great
Son of Philip II
Goal to rule the known world
Died at age 32
Slept with a dagger
Persians
Invaded Greece
Sparta, Athens, and other city-states joined
together to defeat Persians
Runner ran from Marathon to Athens to report
good news
Mycenaeans
• Took over Island of Crete
• Minoan society gone
Rome
Roman Republic
wealthy Romans elected officials that
represented citizens
Italy is shaped like a boot.
Julius Caesar
Dictator
changing calendar
murdered by own senators
Punic Wars
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Fiercest of all wars
Fought between Rome and Carthage
Wars lasted almost 20 years
Rome took control over Sicily
Romulus and Remus
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put in basket on Tiber River
rescued and raised by wolf
built city on Tiber River where saved by wolf
Romulus killed brother due to mocking
Named city after himself: Rome
Augustus
• Pax Romana spread across the Roman Empire
Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman
peace") was the long period of
relative peace and minimal
expansion by military force
experienced by the Roman Empire
in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.
Roman Religion
• associated with Greek religion
Decline of Western Roman Empire
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Political decline
Corruption-threats and bribery
Leadership no longer effective
Invasions by Huns-barbarians
Jesus
• Romans were suspicious of him
• Thought he would challenge authority and
take over the empire
Constantine
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Became a Christian in early 300’s
Christians met in secret
Removed bans on religion
Christianity became Rome’s official religion
Constantinople
• Formerly called Byzantium
• capital of the Roman Empire