Transcript Document
Moving West In the Mediterranean World Etruscan Heritage and the Rise of the Roman Republic Etruscan Heritage and the Rise of Rome I. Trade and the Rise of the Western Mediterranean World II. The Etruscans – Geography – Government – Society and Culture III. Roman Society – Legends – Family, Society, Religion – Government Development and Structure Terms to be familiar with: •Etruria, Latium •Pietas, manus, paterfamilias, materfamilias, patrimonial, imperium, ancestor cult •Patrician, plebeian, nobiles, clientage •manumission, latifundia, & coloni. •Senate, Centuriate Assembly, Roman constitution, Consuls, Censors, Dictators, Struggle of the Orders, Twelve Tables Trade and the Mediterranean World 6th Century BC Trade Trade in Minerals: silver, copper & tin Pottery Perfumes Spices Wine Oil and Olives Wheat Amphorae to transport wine Map of Ancient Italy To Etruria The Importance of Trade Its Impact on Culture and Society Etrurian Government and Society Etruscans The Importance Of Death Barrows of Necropolis at Caere Etruscan tomb interiors Fresco from an Etruscan Tomb The Funeral Banquet Women in Etruscan Society More Freedom than Greek Society • Not segregated from public • Evidence of matrilinealism Sculpture of Etruscan Woman Italy Places to be familiar With: Etruria Apennine Mountains Arno River Tiber River Latium Rome Sicily Carthage Rise of Rome The Early Romans – Legends – Family and Society – Government •Important terms: •Pietas, manus, paterfamilias, materfamilias, patrimonial, imperium, ancestor cult •Patrician, plebeian, nobiles, clientage •Manumission, latifundia, & coloni. The Legend of Rome Romulus and Remus Aeneas flees the sack of Troy carrying his father Anchises on his back Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii (1784) Rise of Republic Mid 8th century BC- 509 BC: Rome Ruled by Monarchy 509 BC – Raids of Celts on Italy lead to expulsion of kings and founding of Roman Republic. – Rome distances itself from Etruria 392 BC- Fall of Etruria to Rome Family and Society in Rome Social Organization – Tribe – Clan – Family Paterfamilias: Father held absolute power imperium, patria potestas and manus Materfamilias: Mother’s influence in household Naming conventions – For males – For females Rome as a Patrilineal Society Naming your son: Name of Individual: Gaius, Gnaeus Marcus, Lucius, Titus, Publius, Marcus Your Son’s Name: Name of the Clan: Julius Licinius Cornelius Name of the Family: Caesar Crassus Scipio Gaius Julius Caesar Marcus Licinius Crassus Publius Cornelius Scipio Naming your daughter: Name of Clan: Julius Name of daughter: Julia Second daughter: Julia secunda Family and Society in Rome Social Hierarchy Patricians: Landowning Elite Plebeians: Commoner – Not necessarily poor Nobiles: By 3rd Cent. BC, elite of Patrician & Plebian Slaves: At least 1/3 of pop. – Household vs.Agricultural Work latifundia: “broad fields” manumission: from manus Coloni: Tenant Farmers – Serflike- tied to the land (bonded) Sculpted tomb of a family of ex-slaves [Note man holding tablets, pigeon, wife’s hairstyle. All indicate that family was both literate and stylish.] Ancestor Cult Role of Pietas: “I sought to equal the deeds of my father” Role of Ancestor Cult, Wax Masks, Marble Busts, and Funeral Rituals Virtues of Tradition and Respect Dimensions of Family and Virtue Marcus Porcius Cato (b. 234 BC) and his wife Family Politics and Marriage Women move from protection of fathers to protection of husbands (per manus) Usually with wealth came independence Fathers can act as agents to protect assets/dowry Example: Tullia (daughter of Marcus Tullius Cicero) Betrothed at 12, married at 16, widowed at 22 Example: Cornelia (aristocratic woman) Widowed/ intellectual/ bore 12 children 3 children lived (2 boys and 1 girl) Sons: Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus