Transcript Introduction to the Middle Ages

Introduction to the Middle Ages
11-1-2011 Drill & Objective
• Objective
• Students will be able to
explain why the Fall of the
Roman Empire brought
about the emergence of
the Middle Ages.
• Drill
• Draw a KWL Chart. Tell
me what you know and
want to know about the
Middle Ages.
3 Eras in the Study of History
Ancient History
• Everything we have done so far
• Range: 1st Human History  Early Middle Ages
• The Middle Ages
• This Chapter – One of the most interesting time
periods in history
• Range: Fall of Roman Empire  Renaissance
• Modern History
• Where we will spend most of the year
• Range: The Renaissance & Beyond
A Brief History
• Fall of the Roman Empire
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Divide into East & West
Decline in morals & values
Public Health
Political Corruption
Inflation
Unemployment
Urban Decay
Inferior Technology
Military Spending
• The Barbarians Invade
• Germanic Tribes from the
North began to make their
move into the Empire
• The Huns
– Pushed Germanic Tribes into
Roman Territory
– For a short time, became
allies of Rome, but soon
revolted
– Visigoths, Vandals,
Ostrogoths, Franks and
Angles/Saxons
• The Rise of Islam
• Led to a series of wars known
as the Crusades
The Crusades
Byzantine Empire
• Justinian
– Emperor who wanted to
reestablish the Roman
Empire
» Was mostly
successful until
Lombards conquered
Italy
– Known for Codifying
Roman Law
• New Threat from the East
– Islam
» Unified Arab groups
& created a powerful
new force
» The threatened the
Christian Byzantine
Empire
The Crusades
• A series of military
expeditions carried out by
European Christians against
the Muslims
• Pope Urban II
– Used is power to rally
European warriors to liberate
Jerusalem
• 4 Crusades from 1096-1204
• The only successful one was the
1st
Pope Urban II calls the first Crusade.
1095-1291
http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#roots-of-the-crusades
http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#the-crusades
" Jerusalem is now held captive by the
enemies of Christ,
those who do not know God,
the heathen (non Christians).
Jerusalem wants to be free and
begs you to come help!
Who will take up this work,
who will right these wrongs
who will recover this territory, if you won't ?"
Reasons for the Crusades
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Holy Land was holy to
Christians, Jews and
Muslims (especially
Jerusalem)
Place where Jesus was born
and died
Looking for adventure and
riches
Few opportunities in feudal
Europe
Hatred of Muslims
Effects of Crusades
• fatal weakening of Byzantine Empire
• increase in cultural horizons for many
Europeans
• stimulated Mediterranean trade.
• development of banking techniques
• Rise of heraldic emblems, coats of
arms
• Romantic and imaginative literature
Effects of Crusades
• Knowledge introduced to
Europe
 Heavy stone masonry, construction of
castles and stone churches.
 Siege technology, tunneling, sapping.
 Moslem minarets adopted as church
spires
• Weakening of nobility, rise of
merchant classes
• Enrichment was primarily from
East to West--Europe had little
to give in return.